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作者简介:

王磊(1998—),硕士研究生,主要从事植物生态学研究,(E-mail)2021021167@stu.sdnu.edu.cn。

通讯作者:

张璐璐,博士,副教授,硕士研究生导师,主要从事地衣分类学研究,(E-mail)612038@sdnu.edu.cn。

中图分类号:Q949.34

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1000-3142(2024)09-1625-08

DOI:10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202307026

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CHEN PF, 2022. Study on non-saxicolous lecideoid lichens in China [D]. Jinan: Shandong Normal University: 46-53. [陈鹏飞, 2022. 中国非石生网衣类地衣的研究 [D]. 济南: 山东师范大学: 46-53. ]
参考文献
CÁCERES MEDS, APTROOT A, CLÉVERTON DOM, et al. , 2017. Sprucidea, a further new genus of rain forest lichens in the family Malmideaceae (Ascomycota) [J]. Bryologist, 120: 202-211.
参考文献
CÂCERES MDES, VIEIRA T, LÜCKING R, et al. , 2012. New and interesting lichens from the Caxiuanã National Forest in the Brazilian Amazon [J]. Lichenologist, 44: 807-812.
参考文献
ELIX JA, 2014. A catalogue of standardized chromatographic data and biosynthetic relationships for lichen substances [M]. 3rd ed. Canberra: Published by the Author.
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ELIX JA, GIRALT M, WARDLAW J, et al. , 2003. New chloro-depsides from the lichen Dimelaena radiate [J]. Bibl Lichenol, 86: 1-7.
参考文献
FENG B, YANG ZL, 2018. Studies on diversity of higher fungi in Yunnan, southwestern China: A review [J]. Plant Divers, 40: 165-171.
参考文献
FLAKUS A, ETAYO J, PÉREZ-ORTEGA S, et al. , 2019. A new genus Zhurbenkoa and a novel nutritional mode revealed in the family Malmideaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) [J]. Mycologia, 111(4): 593-611.
参考文献
GOTHAMIE W, PATRICIA AW, OMAL A, et al. , 2016. Eight new lichen species and 88 new records from Sri Lanka [J]. Bryologist, 119(2): 131-142.
参考文献
JOSEPH S, NAYAKA S, RANDIVE P, et al. , 2018. New records and a key to the species of Malmidea (lichenized Ascomycota) from India [J]. Feddes Repertorium, 129(3): 189-192.
参考文献
KALB K, 2021. New or otherwise interesting lichens mainly from Brazil and Venezuela with special reference to the genus Malmidea [J]. Arch Lichenol, 27: 1-41.
参考文献
KALB K, BUARUANG K, MONGKOLSUK P, et al. , 2012. New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus [J]. Phytotaxa, 42: 35-47.
参考文献
KALB K, BUARUANG K, PAPONG K, et al. , 2009. New or otherwise interesting lichens from the tropics, including the lichen genus Ramboldia in Thailand [J]. Mycotaxon, 110: 109-123.
参考文献
KALB K, PLATA ER, LÜCKING R, et al. , 2011. The phylogenetic position of Malmidea, a new genus for the Lecidea piperis and Lecanora granifera-groups (Lecanorales, Malmideaceae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences with special reference to Thai species [J]. Bibl Lichenol, 106: 137-163.
参考文献
LÜCKING R, HODKINSON BP, LEAVITT SD, 2017. Corrections and amendments to the 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota [J]. Bryologist, 120(1): 58-69.
参考文献
SODAMUK M, BOONPRAGOB K, MONGKOLSUK P, et al. , 2017. A new genus and species from coastal forests in Southeast Asia and Australia (Malmideaceae, Ascomycota) [J]. MycoKeys, 22: 15-25.
参考文献
WEI JC, 2020. The enumeration of lichenized fungi in China [M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House: 208-485. [魏江春, 2020. 中国地衣型真菌综览 [M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社: 208-485. ]
参考文献
ZHAO X, JIA ZF, LIU FY, 2021. Four new records of Porina (Porinaceae) from China [J]. Mycosystema, 40(1): 79-86. [赵欣, 贾泽峰, 刘飞月, 2021. 中国污核衣属地衣(污核衣科)四个新记录种 [J]. 菌物学报, 40(1): 79-86. ]
目录contents

    摘要

    为探讨中国柄座衣属地衣的物种多样性,进一步明确其物种组成和分布,该文通过野外地衣资源调查及标本采集,结合形态学、解剖学、化学等研究方法,对采自云南省的柄座衣属地衣标本进行分类,共鉴定出柄座衣属(Malmidea)3个中国新记录种,分别是巨孢柄座衣 [M. indica (D. D. Awasthi & M. R. Agarwal) Hafellner & T. Sprib]、赭黄柄座衣(M. reunionis Kalb)、棕褐柄座衣(M. hechicerae Kalb)。该文提供了各新记录种的详细描述、形态及解剖图片,并与相近种进行了比较和讨论,同时提供了中国柄座衣属地衣分种检索表。该研究结果丰富了中国柄座衣属地衣资料,对中国地衣多样性的保护及研究具有一定意义。

    Abstract

    The purpose of this study is to investigate the species diversity of Malmidea in China and further identify its species composition and distribution. The lichen specimens collected from Yunnan Province were classified based on the investigation of lichen resources in the field and the collection of lichen specimens, and combined with the methods of morphology, anatomy and chemistry. Three new records of Malmidea were reported from China, M. indica (D. D. Awasthi & M. R. Agarwal) Hafellner & T. Sprib, M. reunionis Kalb and M. hechicerae Kalb. In this paper, detailed descriptions, morphology and anatomical pictures of the recorded species were provided, and comparison and discussion were made with similar species. A key to all known Chinese Malmidea species was also provided. This study enriches the diversity of Malmidea in China, and has some significance for conservation and study of lichen diversity of China.

  • 地衣是地衣型真菌与相应藻类或蓝细菌的胞外共生群落,是生物圈中生物多样性的重要组成部分。目前,全球已知地衣约19 500种(Lücking et al.,2017),中国已知地衣约3 050种(魏江春,2020),约占世界已知种数的15.7%。我国地衣物种资源丰富,但分类研究起步晚,研究基础薄弱,尚有许多物种待发现和描述。

  • 柄座衣属(Malmidea)由Kalb等人于2011年建立,隶属于真菌界(Fungi)、子囊菌门(Ascomycota)、茶渍纲(Lecanoromycetes)、茶渍目(Lecanorales)、柄座衣科(Malmideaceae)(Gothamie et al.,2016)。该属地衣主要分布在热带雨林,尤其是南美洲和东南亚的热带雨林地区(Breuss &Lücking,2015),在潮湿、避光处多有生长。该属的主要识别特征如下:地衣体壳状,极少数枝状,树生或叶生;有疣状结构,颗粒状至脓疱状,偶有光滑,地衣体或疣状结构的髓层常着色(Cáceres et al.,2017);光合共生物为绿藻,通常呈球状或扁平状;具前地衣体;子囊盘无柄,圆形,分为两类,即piperis-type子囊盘的果壳由放射状菌丝组成,granifera-type子囊盘的果壳由外部的菌丝和内部的髓层组成(Kalb et al.,2009);囊层基透明到暗褐色;子囊棒状,顶器不明显,单孢至8孢;孢子透明,椭圆形至纺锤形,单胞,孢子壁均匀加厚或末端加厚,具晕圈;分生孢子器罕见,分生孢子丝状(Sodamuk et al.,2017)。

  • 目前,世界已经报道的柄座衣属地衣共72种(Kalb,2021),中国已报道4种,分别是下黑柄座衣 [Malmidea hypomelaena(Nyl.)Kalb &Lücking]、紫红柄座衣 [M. vinosa(Eschw.)Kalb,Rivas Plata &Lumbsch]、带耳柄座衣 [M. aurigera(Fée)Kalb,Rivas Plata &Lumbsch]、颗粒柄座衣 [M. granifera(Ach.)Kalb,Rivas Plata &Lumbsch]。Feng和Yang(2018)经过前期对云南省地衣物种多样性的调查研究发现,该地区含有丰富的地衣资源。因此,对云南省柄座衣属地衣进行了系统的研究,共发现柄座衣属地衣3个中国新记录种,分别是巨孢柄座衣 [M. indica(D. D. Awasthi &M. R. Agarwal)Hafellner &T. Sprib]、赭黄柄座衣(M. reunionis Kalb)、棕褐柄座衣(M. hechicerae Kalb)。

  • 前期调查研究发现,柄座衣属地衣在中国的研究水平仍停留在对单个种的零星报道阶段,缺乏系统、全面的研究。一方面是由于柄座衣属地衣子囊盘外形与茶渍型地衣极为相似,容易被误定为茶渍型地衣;另一方面是因为该类群的属种界定范围尚不统一,标本的鉴定存在一定的困难,因此开展我国柄座衣属地衣的系统研究很有必要。云南省位于我国西南边陲,地处低纬度地区,地势西北高东南低且海拔高差悬殊,气候类型多样,该省独特的地理环境和气候条件为很多特殊的生物类群提供了重要的栖息地,是许多物种起源和分化的中心,物种多样性极其丰富。本研究以云南省热带亚热带气候区为研究区域,依托在野外采集的新鲜标本,以及馆藏于山东师范大学植物标本室(SDNU)、聊城大学地衣物种与基因资源生物学研究中心标本室(LCUF)、中国科学院昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本馆(KUN)的标本进行分类学研究,采用野外调查及实验室地衣分类研究的方法,拟解决以下问题:(1)澄清云南省柄座衣属地衣的物种组成,为中国柄座衣属地衣的研究奠定基础;(2)在积累云南省该属研究材料和中国地衣物种的资源本底数据的同时,为中国地衣区系研究以及系统发育研究提供前期工作基础。

  • 1 材料与方法

  • 1.1 研究材料

  • 本研究的实验材料为采自中国云南省的柄座衣属地衣标本,分别馆藏于山东师范大学植物标本室(SDNU)、聊城大学地衣物种与基因资源生物学研究中心标本室(LCUF)、中国科学院昆明植物研究所隐花植物标本馆(KUN)。

  • 1.2 标本鉴定方法

  • 1.2.1 形态学及解剖学研究方法

  • 首先,在体式显微镜(型号为Olympus SZ51)下对地衣体和子囊盘进行观察,主要观察地衣体的颜色,有无疣凸,地衣体和疣凸内髓层颜色,粉芽、裂芽的有无及其大小,子囊盘的颜色、大小、形状,有无前地衣体,并在光学显微镜下测量相关数据(赵欣等,2021)。然后,使用配有Olympus DP72摄像头的Olympus SZX16光学显微镜对标本的外部形态进行拍照。在体式显微镜下对地衣体及子囊盘等结构进行徒手切片后,置于光学显微镜(型号为Olympus CX21)下进行解剖结构的观察并记录相关数据信息,主要观察以下特征:子实上层、子实层、子实下层、囊层基的颜色(分别测量其高度);子囊的形状和类型;子囊孢子的大小、数目、颜色、形态(形状及是否有晕圈);草酸钙晶体的有无、位置、颜色;分生孢子器的有无等。最后,使用配有Olympus DP72摄像头的Olympus BX61光学显微镜对标本的解剖结构进行拍照。

  • 1.2.2 化学物质测定方法

  • 对每份标本的皮层、髓层进行化学显色反应并记录,使用的试剂分别为5%对苯二胺乙醇溶液(Pd)、3%Lugol’s溶液(I)、10%的氢氧化钾水溶液(K)、次氯酸钙饱和水溶液(C)和10%的氢氧化钾水溶液+次氯酸钙饱和水溶液(KC)显色剂(Joseph et al.,2018);使用薄层层析法(TLC)鉴定标本所含的地衣化学成分(Elix et al.,2003)。

  • 2 结果与分析

  • 2.1 中国新记录

  • 2.1.1 巨孢柄座衣(图1)

  • Malmidea indica (D. D. Awasthi &M. R. Agarwal) Hafellner &T. Sprib., Lichenologist 46: 463 (2011).

  • 地衣体壳状,树生;表面粗糙,白色至灰色,具疣状结构,疣凸0.1~0.35 mm,无粉芽和裂芽;疣内髓层白色至浅黄色,K+柠檬黄色;子囊盘贴生,圆形,直径可达1.6 mm;盘面平至微凸,深棕色至黑色;盘缘较薄,灰白色至灰色;果壳granifera-type,外部颜色较浅,内部髓层具不透明、疏水性颗粒;子实上层浅棕色至棕色;子实层80~125 μm,无色;囊层基中间部分100~110 μm,向两侧逐渐变窄,深棕色;子囊棒状,2~4孢;孢子无色,单胞,具晕圈,椭球形,孢子壁厚,30~34 μm × 14~18(~22)μm。

  • 化学:K+黄色,C-,P-;TLC:少量atranorin或无次生代谢产物。

  • 基物:树皮。

  • 凭证标本:云南,普洱市国家森林公园,树生,1 596 m,101°06′31.71″ E,22°35′53.68″ N,2013-12-18,王欣宇、刘栋,13-41448,13-41461(KUN);镇沅至新平和平乡丫路口附近,树生,2 300 m,101°29′05.14″ E,23°56′22.43″ N,2013-06-10,王立松、王欣宇、李建文,13-38158(KUN)。

  • 讨论:该种的主要特征为子囊2~4孢,孢子较大(长>30 μm),壁厚,这些特征可将其与柄座衣属其他种类区分开。该种早期是作为Mycoblastus indicum发表,但因Mycoblastus具有退化的盘缘,子实上层为蓝绿色,子囊顶器为Biatora-type等特征,与该种明显不同,因此Spribilie等人将其归入柄座衣属(Flakus et al.,2019)。Kalb等(2011)报道的该种印度标本较本研究云南标本的孢子稍长,前者为30~40 μm × 12~18(~22)μm。

  • 2.1.2 赭黄柄座衣(图2)

  • Malmidea reunionis Kalb., Phytotaxa42: 42(2012).

  • 地衣体壳状,树生;表面粗糙,灰白色,具疣状结构,疣凸0.1~0.25 mm,无粉芽堆和裂芽;疣凸和地衣体内髓层米白色,K+黄色至淡橙色;子囊盘贴生,圆形,直径0.75~1.35 mm;盘面平或微凸,棕色;盘缘较薄,米白色至浅黄色;果壳granifera-type,外部无色,内部髓层含有赭黄色疏水颗粒,K+柠檬黄色;子实上层不明显;子实层120~170 μm,无色;囊层基120~150 μm,浅棕色至棕色。子囊多为4孢,少8孢;孢子无色,单胞,具晕圈,椭球形至梭形,孢子壁不均匀增厚,末端明显较厚,(21~)22~30 μm × (9~)12~15(~16) μm。

  • 化学:K+黄色至淡橙色,C-,P-;TLC:不含atranorin,但含有至少6种未知的地衣次生代谢产物(陈鹏飞,2022)。

  • 基物:树皮。

  • 凭证标本:云南,腾冲县高黎贡山西坡,树生,2 300 m,98°42′6.65″ E,25°17′38.70″ N,2014-03-18,王欣宇,14-42867(KUN);腾冲县高黎贡山林家铺子,树生,2 190 m,98°42′1.82″ E,25°17′42.39″ N,2014-03-17,王欣宇,14-42844(KUN);腾冲县高黎贡山林家铺子,树生,2 190 m,98°42′1.82″ E,25°17′42.39″ N,2014-03-17,王欣宇,14-42848(KUN)。

  • 讨论:Malmidea reunionis的主要特点为孢子较大且孢子壁末端明显增厚。该种与M. chrysostigmaM. incrassata孢子壁都不均匀增厚,但M. chrysostigma髓层金色至橙红色,主要次生代谢产物为emodin;M. incrassata果壳为piperis-type,地衣体无疣凸且孢子较小。Kalb等(2011)报道的该种印度洋岛屿标本(Cáceres et al.,2012)较本研究云南标本的子实层和囊层基更高,前者子实层高160~200 μm,囊层基高180~250 μm。

  • 2.1.3 棕褐柄座衣(图3)

  • Malmidea hechicerae Kalb., Archive for Lichenology 27: 18(2021).

  • 图1 巨孢柄座衣(标本号: 13-38158)

  • Fig.1 Malmidea indica(Herb. No.13-38158)

  • 地衣体壳状,树生;表面粗糙,灰白色,具疣状结构,疣凸0.1~0.2 mm;无粉芽、裂芽;地衣体和疣凸的髓层都是白色,K+柠檬黄色,P+橙色;子囊盘贴生,圆形,直径0.6~1.3 mm;盘面平或微凸,棕色或深棕色;果壳granifera-type,外部颜色较浅,内部髓层具不透明的疏水性颗粒,疏水性颗粒能溶于KOH,K+黄绿色;子实上层浅棕色;子实层70~80 μm,无色;子实下层20 μm,浅棕色;囊层基中间部分50~70 μm,向两侧逐渐变窄,深棕色,K-;子囊6~8孢;孢子无色,单胞,具晕圈,椭球形,孢子壁均匀增厚,12~16 μm × 7~9 μm。

  • 图2 赭黄柄座衣(标本号: 14-42867)

  • Fig.2 Malmidea reunionis (Herb. No.14-42867)

  • 化学:K+柠檬黄色,C-,P+橙色;TLC:不含atranorin,但含有4~5种xantholepinone。

  • 基物:树皮。

  • 凭证标本:云南,麻栗坡县,老君山,树生,1 200 m,104°36′28.44″ E,22°55′34.66″ N,1995-10-02,王立松,95-15732(KUN);云南,勐仑县,西双版纳热带植物园,树生,560 m,101°16′7.69″ E,21°55′7.13″ N,2013-12-19,王欣宇,13-41542(KUN);云南,景洪市,西双版纳原始森林公园,树生,710 m,100°52′41″ E,22°01′54″ N,2021-07-03,张秀芝,YN211041(LCUF);云南,景洪市,热带雨林谷,树生,640 m,101°11′33.04″ E,21°54′52.26″ N,2023-03-03,刘琳琳、王磊、钟春娇,20230483(SDNU)。

  • 图3 棕褐柄座衣(标本号: 95-15732)

  • Fig.3 Malmidea hechicerae(Herb. No.95-15732)

  • 讨论:Malmidea hechicerae主要特征为地衣体和疣凸的髓层都是白色,K+柠檬黄色,孢子较小,该种与M. coralliformis的形态相似且都不含atranorin,但两者所含xantholepinone(Elix,2014)不同。Kalb(2021)报道的该种南美洲北部的标本较本研究云南标本的孢子稍长,前者为13~17 μm × 7~9 μm。

  • 2.2 中国柄座衣属检索表

  • 1a. 孢子大小30~40 μm × 12~18 μm,子囊2~4孢;子囊盘深棕色至黑色······M. indica

  • 1b. 孢子大小<30 μm······2

  • 2a. 孢子壁两端明显增厚,髓层K+黄色至淡橙色;果壳具有髓层和颗粒状物质(K+柠檬黄色);孢子大小22~30 μm × 12~15 μm······M. reunionis

  • 2b. 孢子壁均匀增厚······3

  • 3a. 孢子大小20~25 μm × 10~14 μm;子囊盘灰棕色至黑棕色,子囊盘边缘浅色至深棕色 ······M. hypomelaena

  • 3b. 孢子较小,<20 μm······4

  • 4a. 地衣体和疣凸的髓层都是白色······5

  • 4b. 地衣体和/或疣凸的髓层是黄色至橙色或者红色······6

  • 5a. 髓层K-;孢子10~17 μm × 6~8 μm······M. vinosa

  • 5b. 髓层K+柠檬黄色,很少有橙黄色;孢子13~17 μm × 7~9 μm······M. hechicerae

  • 6a. 疣凸的髓层颜色是黄色至桃红色;子囊8孢,孢子12~18 μm × 7~10 μm······M. granifera

  • 6b. 疣凸的髓层颜色是亮黄色;子囊6~8孢,孢子(9~)10~13 μm × 6~8(~9) μm······M. aurigera

  • 3 讨论与结论

  • 我们对233份云南标本进行了初步的分类鉴定,发现柄座衣属地衣6种。目前为止,中国共发现该属地衣7种,除下黑柄座衣(Malmidea hypomelaena)外,在中国云南省皆有分布。研究发现,该属地衣主要生长于海拔2 000 m以下的原始森林树干上,但巨孢柄座衣(M. indica)的分布可见于海拔2 300 m,颗粒柄座衣(M. granifera)的分布可见于海拔3 400 m,并且颗粒柄座衣在中国的分布范围最广,四川、云南、福建、台湾、香港等地皆有报道。

  • 在我们的研究过程中,亦发现了不少疑难种和近似种,难以给出准确的分类地位。主要原因在于柄座衣属地衣作为微型壳状地衣,可用于分类鉴定的表型特征较少,通常集中于地衣体髓层的颜色,是否具疣状结构,果壳类型,晶体的颜色,孢子的形状和大小。而且同一物种在不同环境条件下的形态特征可能差异很大,难免造成种间的重叠或同物异名。另外,每个标本的分类性状均处在一定的变幅范围内,鉴定时常存在一定的人为因素。

  • 虽然近些年地衣学家将分子生物学手段运用到地衣系统发生学研究中,但关于柄座衣属地衣的研究资料极其匮乏,GenBank等数据库中仅可获得11种共19条该属基因序列。近年来,我们对国内柄座衣属地衣进行了较为广泛的地衣资源调查、采集,在传统分类学方法的基础上,结合分子生物学手段,对该类群进行了研究,获得了部分种类的基因序列,但馆藏时间超过五年的标本基本很难成功。后期我们将通过更加全面和系统的调查,新鲜标本的补充采集,基因序列提取方法的改良等深入开展柄座衣属地衣系统发生学分析,重新评价该属地衣的划分标准和分类框架。

  • 参考文献

    • BREUSS O, LÜCKING R, 2015. Three new lichen species from Nicaragua, with keys to the known species of Eugeniella and Malmidea [J]. Lichenologist, 47: 9-20.

    • CHEN PF, 2022. Study on non-saxicolous lecideoid lichens in China [D]. Jinan: Shandong Normal University: 46-53. [陈鹏飞, 2022. 中国非石生网衣类地衣的研究 [D]. 济南: 山东师范大学: 46-53. ]

    • CÁCERES MEDS, APTROOT A, CLÉVERTON DOM, et al. , 2017. Sprucidea, a further new genus of rain forest lichens in the family Malmideaceae (Ascomycota) [J]. Bryologist, 120: 202-211.

    • CÂCERES MDES, VIEIRA T, LÜCKING R, et al. , 2012. New and interesting lichens from the Caxiuanã National Forest in the Brazilian Amazon [J]. Lichenologist, 44: 807-812.

    • ELIX JA, 2014. A catalogue of standardized chromatographic data and biosynthetic relationships for lichen substances [M]. 3rd ed. Canberra: Published by the Author.

    • ELIX JA, GIRALT M, WARDLAW J, et al. , 2003. New chloro-depsides from the lichen Dimelaena radiate [J]. Bibl Lichenol, 86: 1-7.

    • FENG B, YANG ZL, 2018. Studies on diversity of higher fungi in Yunnan, southwestern China: A review [J]. Plant Divers, 40: 165-171.

    • FLAKUS A, ETAYO J, PÉREZ-ORTEGA S, et al. , 2019. A new genus Zhurbenkoa and a novel nutritional mode revealed in the family Malmideaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) [J]. Mycologia, 111(4): 593-611.

    • GOTHAMIE W, PATRICIA AW, OMAL A, et al. , 2016. Eight new lichen species and 88 new records from Sri Lanka [J]. Bryologist, 119(2): 131-142.

    • JOSEPH S, NAYAKA S, RANDIVE P, et al. , 2018. New records and a key to the species of Malmidea (lichenized Ascomycota) from India [J]. Feddes Repertorium, 129(3): 189-192.

    • KALB K, 2021. New or otherwise interesting lichens mainly from Brazil and Venezuela with special reference to the genus Malmidea [J]. Arch Lichenol, 27: 1-41.

    • KALB K, BUARUANG K, MONGKOLSUK P, et al. , 2012. New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus [J]. Phytotaxa, 42: 35-47.

    • KALB K, BUARUANG K, PAPONG K, et al. , 2009. New or otherwise interesting lichens from the tropics, including the lichen genus Ramboldia in Thailand [J]. Mycotaxon, 110: 109-123.

    • KALB K, PLATA ER, LÜCKING R, et al. , 2011. The phylogenetic position of Malmidea, a new genus for the Lecidea piperis and Lecanora granifera-groups (Lecanorales, Malmideaceae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences with special reference to Thai species [J]. Bibl Lichenol, 106: 137-163.

    • LÜCKING R, HODKINSON BP, LEAVITT SD, 2017. Corrections and amendments to the 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota [J]. Bryologist, 120(1): 58-69.

    • SODAMUK M, BOONPRAGOB K, MONGKOLSUK P, et al. , 2017. A new genus and species from coastal forests in Southeast Asia and Australia (Malmideaceae, Ascomycota) [J]. MycoKeys, 22: 15-25.

    • WEI JC, 2020. The enumeration of lichenized fungi in China [M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House: 208-485. [魏江春, 2020. 中国地衣型真菌综览 [M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社: 208-485. ]

    • ZHAO X, JIA ZF, LIU FY, 2021. Four new records of Porina (Porinaceae) from China [J]. Mycosystema, 40(1): 79-86. [赵欣, 贾泽峰, 刘飞月, 2021. 中国污核衣属地衣(污核衣科)四个新记录种 [J]. 菌物学报, 40(1): 79-86. ]

  • 参考文献

    • BREUSS O, LÜCKING R, 2015. Three new lichen species from Nicaragua, with keys to the known species of Eugeniella and Malmidea [J]. Lichenologist, 47: 9-20.

    • CHEN PF, 2022. Study on non-saxicolous lecideoid lichens in China [D]. Jinan: Shandong Normal University: 46-53. [陈鹏飞, 2022. 中国非石生网衣类地衣的研究 [D]. 济南: 山东师范大学: 46-53. ]

    • CÁCERES MEDS, APTROOT A, CLÉVERTON DOM, et al. , 2017. Sprucidea, a further new genus of rain forest lichens in the family Malmideaceae (Ascomycota) [J]. Bryologist, 120: 202-211.

    • CÂCERES MDES, VIEIRA T, LÜCKING R, et al. , 2012. New and interesting lichens from the Caxiuanã National Forest in the Brazilian Amazon [J]. Lichenologist, 44: 807-812.

    • ELIX JA, 2014. A catalogue of standardized chromatographic data and biosynthetic relationships for lichen substances [M]. 3rd ed. Canberra: Published by the Author.

    • ELIX JA, GIRALT M, WARDLAW J, et al. , 2003. New chloro-depsides from the lichen Dimelaena radiate [J]. Bibl Lichenol, 86: 1-7.

    • FENG B, YANG ZL, 2018. Studies on diversity of higher fungi in Yunnan, southwestern China: A review [J]. Plant Divers, 40: 165-171.

    • FLAKUS A, ETAYO J, PÉREZ-ORTEGA S, et al. , 2019. A new genus Zhurbenkoa and a novel nutritional mode revealed in the family Malmideaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) [J]. Mycologia, 111(4): 593-611.

    • GOTHAMIE W, PATRICIA AW, OMAL A, et al. , 2016. Eight new lichen species and 88 new records from Sri Lanka [J]. Bryologist, 119(2): 131-142.

    • JOSEPH S, NAYAKA S, RANDIVE P, et al. , 2018. New records and a key to the species of Malmidea (lichenized Ascomycota) from India [J]. Feddes Repertorium, 129(3): 189-192.

    • KALB K, 2021. New or otherwise interesting lichens mainly from Brazil and Venezuela with special reference to the genus Malmidea [J]. Arch Lichenol, 27: 1-41.

    • KALB K, BUARUANG K, MONGKOLSUK P, et al. , 2012. New or otherwise interesting Lichens. VI, including a lichenicolous fungus [J]. Phytotaxa, 42: 35-47.

    • KALB K, BUARUANG K, PAPONG K, et al. , 2009. New or otherwise interesting lichens from the tropics, including the lichen genus Ramboldia in Thailand [J]. Mycotaxon, 110: 109-123.

    • KALB K, PLATA ER, LÜCKING R, et al. , 2011. The phylogenetic position of Malmidea, a new genus for the Lecidea piperis and Lecanora granifera-groups (Lecanorales, Malmideaceae) inferred from nuclear and mitochondrial ribosomal DNA sequences with special reference to Thai species [J]. Bibl Lichenol, 106: 137-163.

    • LÜCKING R, HODKINSON BP, LEAVITT SD, 2017. Corrections and amendments to the 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota [J]. Bryologist, 120(1): 58-69.

    • SODAMUK M, BOONPRAGOB K, MONGKOLSUK P, et al. , 2017. A new genus and species from coastal forests in Southeast Asia and Australia (Malmideaceae, Ascomycota) [J]. MycoKeys, 22: 15-25.

    • WEI JC, 2020. The enumeration of lichenized fungi in China [M]. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House: 208-485. [魏江春, 2020. 中国地衣型真菌综览 [M]. 北京: 中国林业出版社: 208-485. ]

    • ZHAO X, JIA ZF, LIU FY, 2021. Four new records of Porina (Porinaceae) from China [J]. Mycosystema, 40(1): 79-86. [赵欣, 贾泽峰, 刘飞月, 2021. 中国污核衣属地衣(污核衣科)四个新记录种 [J]. 菌物学报, 40(1): 79-86. ]