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作者简介:

朱帮会(1997—),硕士研究生,研究方向为中药民族药药效物质与质量控制技术,(E-mail)2806831020@qq.com。

通讯作者:

李勇军,教授,研究方向为中药制剂工艺、质量标准及药效物质基础,(E-mail)liyongjun026@126.com。

中图分类号:Q946

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1000-3142(2024)12-2291-10

DOI:10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202309003

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目录contents

    摘要

    为探究有齿鞘柄木(Torricellia angulata var. intermedia)根及茎的化学成分,该研究采用D101大孔树脂、硅胶、制备型HPLC等色谱方法,对有齿鞘柄木根及茎的45%乙醇提取物进行分离纯化,通过一维质谱、二维质谱、高分辨质谱等鉴定化合物结构,并比较实验与理论计算的电子圆二色谱(electronic circular dichroism,ECD)光谱数据来确定化合物绝对构型。结果表明:从有齿鞘柄木的根及茎中得到15个化合物,分别鉴定为(7S,8S)-8,9-dihydroxy-3,5,7-trimethoxy phenicol-4-O-β-D-glucoside(1)、腺苷(2)、(8E)-decaene-4,6-diyn-1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside(3)、2,6-二甲氧基苯醌(4)、软脂酸(5)、2,2′-氧代双(1,4-二叔丁苯)(6)、syringaldeyde-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(7)、植物醇(8)、对羟基苯甲醛(9)、(8R)-deca-2-trans-2-ene-4,6-diyn-1,8-diol(10)、烟酰胺(11)、aralidioside(12)、β-胡萝卜苷(13)、griselinoside(14)、2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-1-propanol(15)。其中,化合物1为新的化合物,化合物2-4679-1215首次从鞘柄木属中分离得到。该研究结果丰富了有齿鞘柄木药材的植物化学信息,为其药效物质的阐明、质量标志物的寻找、药理机制的探寻及药物的研发提供了物质基础。

    Abstract

    Torricellia angulata var. intermedia belongs to the genus Torricellia. In China, this plant is mainly found in Guangxi, Guizhou, Yunnan and Sichuan. T. angulata var. intermedia has been prescribed for the treatment of various diseases in the field of traditional Chinese medicine, such as rheumatoid arthritis, closed soft-tissue injuries. In order to study the chemical constituents of the roots and rhizoma of T. angulata var. intermedia. This paper explored the chemical constituents of 45% ethanol extraction of T. angulata var. intermedia by D101 macroporous resin, silica gel, preparative high performance liquid chromatography and other methods. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis such as 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR, HR-ESI-MS and so on. The absolute configurations were determined by comparison of the experimental and theoretically calculated ECD. The results were as follows: Fifteen compounds were isolated and identified as (7S,8S)-8,9-dihydroxy-3,5,7-trimethox phenicol-4-O-β-D-glucoside (1), adenosine (2), (8E)-decaene-4,6-diyn-1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (4), palmiticacid (5), 2,2′-oxybis(1,4-di-tert-butylbenzene) (6), syringaldeyde-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), phytol (8), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (9), (8R)-deca-2-trans-2-ene-4,6-diyn-1,8-diol (10), nicotinamide (11), aralidioside (12), β-daucosterol (13), griselinoside (14), 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3- oxo-1-propanol (15). Among them, Compund 1 was a new compound, compunds 2-4, 6, 7, 9-12 and 15 were all isolated from Toricellia for the first time. The results of this study enrich the phytochemical information of T. angulata var. intermedia, and provide a material basis for the elucidation of its pharmacodynamic substances, the search for quality markers, the exploration of pharmacological mechanisms and the development of drugs.

  • 有齿鞘柄木(Torricellia angulata var. intermedia)为鞘柄木属(Torricellia)植物角叶鞘柄木(T. angulata)的变种,又名水冬瓜、大接骨丹、齿叶烂泥树,主要分布于广西、贵州、四川、云南等地(中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会,1985)。药用部位的根皮收载于《贵州省中药材、民族药材质量标准》(2003年版)(林亚平和叶阳明,2003)。根据《贵州民间方药集》《贵州草药》等文献记载,有齿鞘柄木的根、茎皮、叶和花均可入药,其味苦、辛、性平,具有消肿接骨、舒筋活血、调血补虚、解热平喘等功效,常用于闭合性软组织损伤的治疗(杨济秋和杨济中,1961;张锦文等,2010;韩忠耀等,2021c)。在贵州少数民族地区,常以有齿鞘柄木的根及茎加酒浸泡制成药酒,用于跌打损伤的治疗。

  • 近年来,对有齿鞘柄木的研究主要集中在根皮部位生药学鉴定检测(徐燃等,2018)、高分辨质谱分析(韩忠耀等,2021b)、病虫害及野生资源调查(韩忠耀等,2018)、指纹图谱研究(韩忠耀等,2017)、生物活性(陈华栋等,2012);叶的指纹图谱研究及质量标志物的预测(韩忠耀等,2022b)、醇提取物的抗炎镇痛活性研究(韩忠耀等,2022a)、指纹图谱含量测定化学模式识别(韩忠耀等,2021c)及树皮的指纹图谱研究化学模式识别(韩忠耀等,2021a)。根及茎作为有齿鞘柄木植物的一部分,对其化学成分研究鲜有报道,并且药效物质基础不明确。化学成分是药材药效物质基础和作用机制研究的先决条件,也是用药安全和资源开发的根本前提。因此,为了更好地了解和应用有齿鞘柄木这一药用植物,阐明其化学成分组成和药理药效基础,进而深入开发利用这一资源,本研究利用现代分离方法,对有齿鞘柄木根及茎的45%乙醇提取物进行分离鉴定,得到15个化合物,丰富了有齿鞘柄木根及茎的化学成分,以期为有齿鞘柄木药材质量标志物的寻找、药理机制的探寻及药物的研发提供物质基础。

  • 1 材料与仪器

  • 1.1 材料

  • 有齿鞘柄木药材采收于贵州贵安新区,经贵州医科大学刘春花副教授鉴定为山茱萸科鞘柄木属有齿鞘柄木(Torricellia angulata var. intermedia)的根及茎。样品标本(No.20201218)存放于贵州省药物制剂重点实验室。

  • 1.2 仪器

  • Bruker 600 NEO NMR 600 MHz超导核磁共振波谱仪(德国布鲁克公司);JEOL-ECS 400 MHz核磁共振波谱仪(日本电子株式会社);Thermo Fisher Q Exactive-Plus四级杆-静电场轨道阱高分辨质谱仪(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司);GC-2010 Plus气相色谱仪(日本岛津公司);D-101型大孔树脂(天津市海光化工有限公司);柱层析硅胶(青岛海洋化工有限公司);ODS填料、Toyopearl HW-40F(日本东曹株式会社);Sephadex LH-20(瑞士Pharmacia Biotech公司);LC-20 AP(Agilent Prep C18,10 μm,30 mm × 250 mm,日本岛津公司)。

  • 1.3 试剂

  • 实验中所用甲醇、乙醇、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙酯、石油醚等化学试剂均为分析纯(安耐吉化学有限公司);L-葡萄糖(批号:DST210618-041,纯度:98%,成都乐美天医药科技有限公司);D-葡萄糖(批号:2VKPB-DJ,纯度:98%,东京化成工业株式会社)。

  • 2 提取与分离的方法

  • 有齿鞘柄木根及茎(11 kg),用45%乙醇加热回流提取3次,合并、减压浓缩得浸膏(1 661.3 g),浸膏经D-101大孔吸附树脂,依次用水、85%乙醇洗脱,分段收集后浓缩至浸膏,得水洗脱部位(850.4 g)、85%乙醇洗脱部位(681.0 g)。

  • 取85%乙醇洗脱部位经硅胶柱层析、二氯甲烷-甲醇(10∶0~5∶5,V/V)洗脱,得到8个组分(Fr.1-Fr.8)。组分Fr.2(2.1 g)先经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、二氯甲烷-甲醇(5∶5,V/V)洗脱、TLC检测合并,再经反复硅胶柱层析、石油醚-二氯甲烷(10∶0~0∶10,V/V)和二氯甲烷-甲醇(9.9∶0.1,V/V)洗脱,得化合物8(20.0 mg)。

  • 组分Fr.4(11.6 g)经硅胶柱层析、乙酸乙酯-甲醇(10∶0~9.1∶0.9, V/V)洗脱,得到9个组分(Fr.4.1-Fr.4.9)。Fr.4.1经硅胶柱层析、石油醚-二氯甲烷(10∶0~0∶10, V/V)洗脱,得化合物9(4.3 mg);Fr.4.2经Toyopearl HW-40F凝胶柱层析、甲醇洗脱,得到2个组分(Fr.4.2.1-Fr.4.2.2)。Fr.4.2.1先经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、二氯甲烷-甲醇(5∶5, V/V)洗脱,再经制备HPLC、甲醇-水(4.5∶5.5,V/Vv = 21.5 mL·min-1)洗脱,得化合物10tR = 22.1 min,23.4 mg);Fr.4.2.2经反复Toyopearl HW-40F凝胶柱层析、甲醇洗脱,得化合物15(4.5 mg)。Fr.4.5经硅胶柱层析、二氯甲烷-甲醇(10∶0~5∶5,V/V)洗脱,得化合物11(7.1 mg)和化合物12(28.8 mg)。组分Fr.5(23.8 g)先经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、二氯甲烷-甲醇(5∶5,V/V)洗脱,再经硅胶柱层析、石油醚-二氯甲烷(10∶0~0∶10,V/V)洗脱,得化合物13(20.0 mg)和化合物14(132.3 mg)。

  • 组分Fr.6(73.8 g)经硅胶柱层析、二氯甲烷-甲醇(10∶0~0∶10,V/V)洗脱,得5个组分(Fr.6.1-Fr.6.5)。Fr.6.1经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、二氯甲烷-甲醇(5∶5,V/V)洗脱,得化合物4(4.9 mg);Fr.6.2经硅胶柱层析、二氯甲烷-甲醇(10∶0~5∶5,V/V)洗脱,得化合物5(42.0 mg)和化合物6(5.5 mg);Fr.6.4先经MCI柱层析、甲醇-水(5∶5~10∶0,V/V)洗脱,再经制备HPLC、甲醇-水(4.5∶5.5,V/Vv = 21.5 mL·min-1)洗脱,得化合物7tR = 10.0 min,3.7 mg);Fr.6.5经ODS柱层析、甲醇-水(0∶10~10∶0,V/V)梯度洗脱,得4个组分(Fr.6.5.1-Fr.6.5.4)。Fr.6.5.1经硅胶柱层析、乙酸乙酯-甲醇(10∶0~9.1∶0.9,V/V)梯度洗脱,得3个组分(Fr.6.5.1.1-Fr.6.5.1.3)。Fr.6.5.1.1经Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱层析、甲醇-水(5∶5,V/V)洗脱,得化合物2(50.0 mg);Fr.6.5.1.3先经ODS柱层析、甲醇-水(1∶9~10∶0,V/V)洗脱,再经制备HPLC洗脱、甲醇-水(2.2∶7.8,V/Vv = 21.5 mL·min-1)洗脱,得化合物1tR = 8.3 min,77.3 mg)。Fr.6.5.4经硅胶柱层析、二氯甲烷-甲醇(9.1∶0.9~0∶10,V/V)洗脱,得化合物3(14.4 mg)。

  • 3 结果与分析

  • 化合物1-15的结构如图1所示。

  • 化合物1   淡黄色粉末。 [α] 20D+34.3(c 0.028,H2O);UV(H2O)λmax(logε)288(2.16)nm;IR(KBr)νmax 3 397,2 930,2 887,2 835,1 593,1 240 cm-1;根据HR-ESI-MS m/z: 443.152 7 [M+Na]+,465.161 3 [M+HCOO]-(C18H28O11Na,C19H29O13,计算值: 443.152 4,465.160 3),结合1H-NMR谱和13C-NMR谱推测分子式为C18H28O11,不饱和度为5,结构如图2所示。

  • 1H-NMR谱显示2个芳香质子信号 [δH: 6.58(2H,s,H-2,6)],3个甲氧基质子信号 [δH: 3.17(3H,s,7-OCH3),3.75(6H,s,3,5-OCH3)]和1个端基质子信号 [δH 4.90(1H,d,J =8.4 Hz,H-1′)],提示该化合物为含有芳香环和甲氧基的单糖苷。13C-NMR谱中存在18个碳信号,结合DEPT谱和HSQC谱分析, [δC: 102.8(C-1′),74.2(C-2′),77.1(C-3′),69.9(C-4′),76.5(C-5′),60.9(C-6′)]为1组葡萄糖基碳信号、[δC: 135.4(C-1),105.4(C-2,6),152.3(C-3,5),133.7(C-4)]为1组多取代型苯环碳信号、[δC: 56.3(35,-OCH3),56.7(7-OCH3)]为3个甲氧基碳信号、[δC: 83.6(C-7),74.9(C-8)]为2个连氧次甲基碳信号、[δC: 62.4(C-9)]为1个连氧亚甲基碳信号(表1)。化合物 1 与张婷婷等(2008)报道的化合物 erythro-7-methoxysyringylglycerol的平面结构相似,区别在于苯环碳4位上的羟基被葡萄糖基取代。HMBC谱(图3)显示,H-1′与C-4相关,推测葡萄糖连在苯环C-4位。3个甲氧基质子信号 [δH: 3.75(6H,s,3,5-OCH3),3.17(3H,s,7-OCH3)]与C-3、C-5、C-7相关,推测甲氧基分别连在C-3、C-5和C-7位。通过1H-1H COSY相关信号H-7/H-8/H-9,结合HMBC信号H-2、H-6、H-7与C-1的相关信号,H-7与C-1、C-8的相关信号,H-8与C-7、C-9的相关信号,进一步确定化合物的平面结构为8,9-dihydroxy-3,5,7-trimethoxy phenicol-4-O-glucoside。化合物1通过进一步酸水解得到葡萄糖,衍生化后进行GC分析,其保留时间( tR = 29.05 min)与D-吡喃葡萄糖对照品一致,结合端基质子的耦合常数J = 8.4 Hz,确定其苷键构型为β构型,确定该化合物中糖基为β-D-吡喃葡萄糖。经查阅文献,化合物1的H-7与 H-8的相对构型通过偶合常数J =5.4 Hz及C-7与C-8的化学位移之差为8.7,推测H-7、H-8的相对构型为赤式(张婷婷等,2015;闫建昆,2022)。化合物1的实验CD图谱和(7S,8S)计算ECD图谱基本一致(图4),从而确定其绝对构型为7S,8S

  • 图1 化合物1-15的结构

  • Fig.1 Structures of compounds 1-15

  • 综上所述,鉴定该化合物1为(7S,8S)-8,9-dihydroxy-3,5,7-trimethoxy phenicol-4-O-β-D-glucoside,经Scifinder检索未见报道,确定为新化合物。

  • 图2 化合物1的结构

  • Fig.2 Structure of Compound 1

  • 化合物2   淡黄色粉末。ESI-MS m/z: 268.1 [M+H]+,312.1 [M+HCOO]-; 分子式C10H13N5O。1H-NMR(D2O,400 MHz)δ: 8.22(1H,s,H-8),8.08(1H,s,H-2),5.95(1H,d,J = 6.0 Hz,H-1′),4.68(1H,t,J =5.6 Hz,H-2′),4.34(1H,dd,J =5.0,3.4 Hz,H-3′),4.20(1H,dd,J =6.2,3.1 Hz,H-4′),3.84(1H,dd,J = 13.0,2.6 Hz,H-5′a),3.75(1H,dd,J = 12.8,3.4 Hz,H-5′b); 13C-NMR(D2O,100 MHz)δ: 155.0(C-6),151.7(C-2),148.2(C-4),140.7(C-8),118.9(C-5),88.3(C-1′),85.7(C-4′),73.7(C-3′),70.5(C-2′),61.4(C-5′)。以上数据与文献(杨敏飞等,2021)报道的基本一致,故鉴定化合物2为腺苷。

  • 图3 化合物1的主要HMBC和1H-1H COSY信号

  • Fig.3 Key HMBC and 1H-1H COSY signals of Compound 1

  • 图4 化合物1的ECD谱

  • Fig.4 ECD spectra of Compound 1

  • 化合物3   黄色油状物。ESI-MS m/z: 479.2 [M+Na]+,501.2 [M+HCOO]-; 分子式C22H32O101H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ: 6.28(1H,dd,J = 15.8,6.8 Hz,H-9),5.54(1H,d,J = 15.8 Hz,H-8),4.74(1H,d,J = 1.8 Hz,H-1 ″),4.24(1H,d,J = 7.8 Hz,H-1′),3.98(1H,m,H-6′a),3.90(1H,m,H-1),3.84(1H,m,H-2″),3.66(4H,overlapped,H-1,6′b,3″,5″),3.39(1H,m,5′),3.37(1H,m,H-3′),3.34(1H,m,H-4″),3.26(1H,d,J = 9.1 Hz,H-4′),3.17(1H,d,J = 7.84 Hz,H-2′),2.47(2H,m,H-3),1.91(2H,dd,J = 6.9,1.6 Hz,H-2),1.79(3H,dd,J = 6.9,1.8 Hz,H-10),1.27(3H,d,J =6.2 Hz,H-6″); 13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ: 144.2(C-9),111.0(C-8),104.7(C-1′),102.4(C-1″),83.7(C-4),78.2(C-3′),77.0(C-5′),75.2(C-2′),75.1(C-6),74.2(C-7,4″),72.5(C-3″),72.3(C-2″),71.8(C-4′),69.9(C-5″),69.5(C-1),68.3(C-6′),66.5(C-5),30.0(C-2),18.9(C-10),18.2(C-6″),17.0(C-3)。以上数据与文献(Li et al.,2009)报道的基本一致,故鉴定化合物3为(8E)-decaene-4,6-diyn-1-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranoside。

  • 表1 化合物1的1H-NMR与13C-NMR(DMSO-d6,600/150 MHz)数据

  • Table1 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR (DMSO-d6, 600/150 MHz) data of Compound 1

  • 化合物4   黄色粉末。ESI-MS m/z: 191.0 [M+Na]+,213.1 [M+HCOO]-; 分子式C8H8O41H-NMR(C5D5N,400 MHz)δ: 6.09(2H,s,H-3,5),3.71(6H,s,2,6-OCH3); 13C-NMR(C5D5N,100 MHz)δ: 187.6(C-4),176.6(C-1),157.9(C-2,6),107.5(C-3,5),56.4(2,6-OCH3)。以上数据与文献(汪有初和周俊,1999)报道的一致,故鉴定化合物4为2,6-二甲氧基苯醌。

  • 化合物5   白色固体。ESI-MS m/z: 255.2 [M-H]-; 分子式C16H32O21H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 2.32(2H,t,J =7.5 Hz,H-2),1.61(2H,m,H-3),1.25(24H,m,H-4-15),0.86(3H,t,J =5.4 Hz,H-16); 13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 179.8(1-COOH),33.9(C-2),31.8(C-14),29.6(C-11,12),29.5(C-9,10),29.3(C-7,8),29.1(C-6,13),29.0(C-4,5),24.6(C-3),22.6(C-15),14.0(C-16)。以上数据与文献(孙秀锦和包海鹰,2020)报道的基本一致,故鉴定化合物5为软脂酸。

  • 化合物6   白色固体。ESI-MS m/z: 393.3 [M-H]-; 分子式C28H42O。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 7.45(2H,d,J =8.8 Hz,H-6,6′),7.36(2H,d,J =1.6 Hz,H-3,3′),7.13(2H,dd,J =8.8,2.5 Hz,H-5,5′),1.32(18H,s,H-12-14,12′-14′),1.27(18H,s,H-8-10,8′-10′); 13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 147.5(C-2,2′),147.4(C-1,1′),138.6(C-4),138.5(C-4′),124.6(C-3,3′),124.0(C-5,5′),119.0(C-6,6′),34.8(C-7,7′),34.5(C-11,11′),31.3(C-8-10,8′-10′),30.0(C-12-14,12′-14′)。以上数据与文献(孙变娜等,2014)报道的基本一致,故鉴定化合物6为2,2′-氧代双(1,4-二叔丁苯)。

  • 化合物7   淡黄色粉末。ESI-MS m/z: 367.1 [M+Na]+; 分子式C15H20O91H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ: 9.86(1H,s,H-7),7.27(2H,s,H-2,6),5.16(1H,d,J =7.5 Hz,H-1′),3.92(6H,s,3,5-OCH3),3.77(1H,m,H-6′a),3.64(1H,dd,J =12.0,5.3 Hz,H-6′b),3.49(1H,m,H-4′),3.41(2H,m,H-2′,3′),3.23(1H,m,H-5′); 13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ: 193.2(C-7),155.0(C-3,5),141.4(C-4),134.1(C-1),108.3(C-2,6),104.4(C-1′),78.6(C-5'),78.0(C-3′),75.8(C-2′),71.4(C-4′),62.6(C-6′),57.2(3,5-OCH3)。以上数据与文献(Miyagawa et al.,2014; Liu et al.,2017)报道的基本一致,故鉴定化合物7为syringaldeyde-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside。

  • 化合物8   淡黄色油状物。 ESI-MS m/z: 295.3 [M-H]-; 分子式C20H40O。1H-NMR(CDCl3,400 MHz)δ: 5.40(1H,m,H-2),4.15(2H,d,J =7.0 Hz,H-1),1.98(2H,t,J = 7.1 Hz,H-4),1.66(3H,s,H-20),1.29~1.22(19H,m,H-5-15),0.86(9H,m,H-17-19),0.82(3H,d,J =2.8 Hz,H-16); 13C-NMR(CDCl3,100 MHz)δ: 140.5(C-3),123.2(C-2),59.6(C-1),40.1(C-4),39.6(C-14),37.6(C-10,12),37.5(C-8),36.9(C-6),33.0(C-7),32.9(C-11),28.2(C-15),25.3(C-5),25.0(C-13),24.7(C-9),22.9(C-17),22.8(C-16),20.0(C-19),19.9(C-18),16.4(C-20)。以上数据与文献(张学瑜等,2021)报道的基本一致,故鉴定化合物8为植物醇。

  • 化合物9   白色固体。 ESI-MS m/z: 121.0 [M-H]-; 分子式C7H6O21H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ: 9.72(1H,s,H-7),7.73(2H,d,J = 8.8 Hz,H-2,6),6.87(2H,d,J =8.8 Hz,H-3,5); 13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ: 193.0(C-7),165.8(C-4),133.6(C-2,6),130.2(C-1),117.2(C-3,5)。以上数据与文献(温建辉等,2015)报道的基本一致,故鉴定化合物9为对羟基苯甲醛。

  • 化合物10   棕色固体。 ESI-MS m/z: 165.0 [M+H]+,163.9 [M–H]-; 分子式C10H12O21H-NMR(CDCl3-CD3OD,400 MHz)δ: 6.34(1H,dt,J = 16.0,4.8 Hz,H-2),5.74(1H,ddt,J = 16.0,2.0,0.9 Hz,H-3),4.30(1H,t,J = 6.6 Hz,H-8),4.12(2H,overlapped,H-1),1.68(2H,m,H-9),0.96(3H,t,J = 7.4 Hz,H-10); 13C-NMR(CDCl3-CD3OD,100 MHz)δ: 146.2(C-2),107.9(C-3),83.2(C-7),76.3(C-4),73.5(C-5),68.7(C-6),63.5(C-8),61.8(C-1),30.5(C-9),9.2(C-10)。以上数据与文(Pan et al.,2006)报道的基本一致,故鉴定化合物10为(8R)-deca-2-trans-2-ene-4,6-diyn-1,8-diol。

  • 化合物11   白色针状结晶。ESI-MS m/z: 123.1 [M+H]+; 分子式C6H6ON21H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ: 9.02(1H,d,J = 1.6 Hz,H-2),8.69(1H,dd,J = 4.8,1.4 Hz,H-6),8.29(1H,m,H-4),7.55(1H,m,H-5); 13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ: 170.2(C=O),153.2(C-2),149.8(C-6),137.7(C-4),131.8(C-3),125.5(C-5)。以上数据与文献(肖蕾等,2022)报道的基本一致,故鉴定化合物11为烟酰胺。

  • 化合物12   淡黄色黏稠物。ESI-MS m/z: 447.1 [M–H]-; 分子式C18H24O131H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ: 7.73(1H,s,H-3),5.97(1H,d,J =2.0 Hz,H-1),4.60(1H,d,J =7.9 Hz,H-1′),3.87(1H,dd,J = 12.0,1.6 Hz,H-6′),3.73(3H,s,10-OCH3),3.66(3H,s,11-OCH3),3.35(1H,d,J = 9.2 Hz,H-3′),3.19(1H,d,J =8.0 Hz,H-2′),2.89(1H,m,H-8),2.79(1H,m,H-7a),2.73(1H,dd,J = 10.2,1.7 Hz,H-9),2.53(1H,dd,J =18.9,7.2 Hz,H-7b); 13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ: 209.7(C-6),174.7(C-10),167.2(C-11),157.1(C-3),107.0(C-4),100.9(C-1′),95.5(C-1),78.5(C-5′),77.6(C-3′),74.5(C-5),74.4(C-2′),71.5(C-4′),62.7(C-6′),53.3(10-OCH3),52.1(11-OCH3),48.6(C-9),37.1(C-8),35.6(C-7)。以上数据与文献(Masateru et al.,2006; 张锦文等,2011)报道的基本一致,故鉴定化合物12为aralidioside。

  • 化合物13   白色粉末。ESI-MS m/z: 599.4 [M+Na]+,621.4 [M+HCOO]-; 分子式C35H60O61H-NMR(C5D5N,400 MHz)δ: 5.37(1H,br s,H-6),5.09(1H,d,J =7.8 Hz,H-1′),4.10(1H,m,H-3),4.60~4.00(6H,m,H-2′-6′),1.11(3H,m,H-19),1.00(3H,m,H-21),0.95(3H,m,H-29),0.89(6H,m,H-26,27),0.68(3H,m,H-18); 13C-NMR( C5D5N,100 MHz)δ: 141.3(C-5),122.3(C-6),102.9(C-1′),79.0(C-3′),78.9(C-3),78.4(C-5′),75.7(C-2′),72.0(C-4′),63.2(C-6′),57.2(C-14),56.6(C-17),50.7(C-9),46.4(C-24),42.8(C-13),40.3(C-12),39.7(C-4),37.8(C-1),37.3(C-10),36.8(C-20),34.6(C-22),32.5(C-7),32.4(C-8),30.6(C-2),29.8(C-25),28.9(C-16),26.7(C-23),24.9(C-15),23.7(C-28),21.6(C-11),20.4(C-27),19.8(C-26),19.6(C-21),19.4(C-19),12.5(C-29),12.3(C-18)。以上数据与文献(熊姝颖,2013;彭伊玲等,2022)报道的基本一致,故鉴定化合物13β-胡萝卜苷。

  • 化合物14   淡黄色固体。ESI-MS m/z: 455.1 [M+Na]+,477.1 [M+HCOO]-; 分子式C18H24O121H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ: 7.50(1H,s,H-3),5.16(1H,dd,J = 8.4,1.2 Hz,H-1),4.67(1H,d,J = 8.4 Hz,H-1′),3.89(1H,dd,J =11.6,1.6 Hz,H-6a′),3.76(3H,s,10-OCH3),3.73(3H,s,11-OCH3),3.64(1H,dd,J = 11.6,5.6 Hz,H-6b′),3.39(1H,m,H-8),3.36(1H,m,H-5),3.30~3.24(4H,m,H-2′,3′,4′,5′),2.77(1H,dd,J = 8.4,3.2 Hz,H-9),2.66(2H,m,H-7); 13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ: 213.7(C-6),175.9(C-10),168.7(C-11),154.3(C-3),105.2(C-4),101.2(C-1′),97.5(C-1),78.5(C-5′),78.0(C-3′),74.7(C-2′),71.6(C-4′),62.8(C-6′),53.1(10-OCH3),52.2(11-OCH3),41.4(C-9),40.3(C-8),40.2(C-5),37.8(C-7)。以上数据与文献(Masateru et al.,2006; Han et al.,2021)报道的基本一致,故鉴定化合物14为griselinoside。

  • 化合物15   白色固体。ESI-MS m/z: 341.1 [M+Na]+,317.1 [M–H]-; 分子式C17H18O61H-NMR(CD3OD,400 MHz)δ: 7.61(1H,dd,J =8.4,2.0 Hz,H-4″),7.56(1H,d,J = 2.0 Hz,H-6″),6.89(1H,d,J =2.0 Hz,H-2′),6.79(1H,d,J = 8.4 Hz,H-3″),6.75(1H,d,J = 2.0 Hz,H-6′),6.73(1H,s,H-5′),4.75(1H,dd,J = 8.8,5.2 Hz,H-2),4.25(1H,dd,J = 10.8,8.8 Hz,H-1b),3.86(3H,s,5″-OCH3),3.82(3H,s,3′-OCH3),3.71(1H,dd,J = 10.8,5.2 Hz,H-1a); 13C-NMR(CD3OD,100 MHz)δ: 199.8(C-3),153.5(C-2″),149.5(C-3′),149.1(C-5″),147.1(C-4′),130.4(C-1″),130.0(C-1′),125.4(C-4″),122.3(C-6′),116.7(C-5′),115.9(C-3″),112.9(C-2′),112.7(C-6″),65.6(C-1),56.5(C-2),56.5(3′-OCH3),56.4(5″-OCH3)。以上数据与文献(Rahman &Moon,2007)报道的基本一致,故鉴定化合物15为2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-oxo-1-propanol。

  • 4 讨论与结论

  • 本研究考察了提取溶剂对有齿鞘柄木根及茎化学成分的影响,分别采用30%、45%、70%、100%的乙醇对有齿鞘柄木进行提取,用高效液相色谱法对提取液进行分析,结果表明当提取溶剂为45%乙醇时,峰数目最多、峰面积最大,继续增大乙醇浓度,峰数目及峰面积未见明显变化。将有齿鞘柄木药材在复方血藤药酒制备工艺中使用45%白酒浸泡,为使提取成分更贴近药用成分,最终采用45%的乙醇为提取溶剂,并从中分离鉴定了15个化合物,其中化合物1为新的化合物,化合物2-4679-1215首次从鞘柄木属中分离得到。

  • 现代植物化学研究已从有齿鞘柄木的根及叶中分离得到黄酮、苯丙素、生物碱、有机酸、环烯醚萜、二萜等化学成分。本研究从有齿鞘柄木根及茎中分离得到的化合物类型主要为简单苯丙素、黄酮、萜类、聚炔类,虽与根及叶中的化合物类型基本一致,但这些化合物基本为首次从鞘柄木属中分离得到,本研究结果进一步丰富了有齿鞘柄木的植物化学信息。聚炔类成分(310)首次从有齿鞘柄木中分离得到,其可能是有齿鞘柄木茎中特有的一类成分,该类成分通常具有2个以上共轭三键,是一种较为特殊的天然化合物,具有高不饱和性和活泼性,在抗菌、抗炎、抗结核、抗肿瘤方面活性显著(罗琼枝,2018),后续可对其进行深入的药效研究。通过对不同产地、不同采收期、多批次有齿鞘柄木根及茎的高效液相色谱图进行比较,发现griselinoside(14)为主要共有峰之一,提示该化合物可能成为有齿鞘柄木药材质量控制的标志性成分。化合物8作为合成维生素K、维生素E的原料,在糖脂代谢、脂肪细胞分化聚酯调控方面具有特殊的生物学功能(林厦菁等,2012;朱艳华等,2013)。化合物1113作为一种天然的抗氧化剂在清除自由基与活性氧方面具有较好的发展潜力(刘婷婷等,2014;南冰禹等,2023)。化合物9具有抗炎镇痛、免疫调节作用(卢曦等,2023)。

  • 综上所述,本研究进一步明确了有齿鞘柄木根及茎的化学成分,丰富了有齿鞘柄木药材的植物化学信息,为后期有齿鞘柄木药材药效物质的阐明、质量标志物的寻找、药理机制的探寻及药物的研发提供了物质基础。

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