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作者简介:

王丹(1997-),硕士研究生,研究方向为天然产物化学,(E-mail)2539003100@qq.com。

通讯作者:

晏英,博士,副教授,研究方向为天然产物活性成分,(E-mail)283926290@qq.com。

中图分类号:Q946

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1000-3142(2023)01-0126-06

DOI:10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202203006

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LIU YY, HUANG SQ, LI YZ, et al. , 2022. Research progress on lignans and pharmacological activities in plants of Schisandra [J]. Chin Trad Herb Drugs, 53(6): 1903-1918. [刘媛媛, 黄仕其, 李玉泽, 等, 2022. 五味子属植物木脂素类化学成分及其药理作用研究进展 [J]. 中草药, 53(6): 1903-1918. ]
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PRAWAT U, CHAIRERK O, LENTHAS R, et al. , 2013. Two new cycloartane-type triterpenoids and one new flavanone from the leaves of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum and their biological activity [J]. Phytochem Lett, 6(2): 286-290.
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SINGH KM, SINGH MP, 2008. Insecticidal activity of Trichilia connaroides (W. and A. ) bentilezen (fam. Meliaceae) against some common vegetable pests [J]. Indian J Entomol, 70(4): 341-345.
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目录contents

    摘要

    为明确鹧鸪花枝叶的化学物质基础,该研究采用硅胶柱色谱、MCI、C18、Sephadex LH-20及制备HPLC等色谱技术对其进行分离和纯化,并通过理化性质和波谱数据鉴定化合物的结构。结果表明:(1)从鹧鸪花枝、叶的甲醇提取物中分离得到6个单体化合物,分别鉴定为新化合物8-O-4′-木脂素,即heynealigan A(1)、3β,21-dihydroxy-24-methylenecycloartane(2)、3-oxo-threo-23,24,25-trihydroxytirucall-7-ene(3)、16-dehydeoxy-23β-hydroxymeliasenin F(4)、ergost-5, 24(28)-diene-3β, 23S-diol(5)、7α-羟基谷甾醇(6)。(2)化合物1为新的木脂素,化合物2-4为三萜化合物,化合物5和化合物6为甾体化合物,化合物2-5为首次从该植物中分离得到。该研究结果为鹧鸪花的合理开发利用提供了科学依据。

    Abstract

    In order to study the chemical constituents from the branches and leaves of Heynea trijuga, silica gel, MCI, C18, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC were applied for the isolation and purification of the constituents. The structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectrum data. The results were as follows: (1) Six compounds were obtained from methanol extracts of H. trijuga, their structures were identified as heynealigan A (1), 3β,21-dihydroxy-24-methylenecycloartane (2), 3-oxo-threo-23,24,25-trihydroxytirucall-7-ene(3), 16-dehydeoxy-23β-hydroxyliasenin F (4), ergost-5, 24(28)-diene-3β, 23S-diol(5),7α-hydrositosteol (6). (2) Compound 1 was a new lignan, compounds 2-4 were triterpenoids, compounds 5 and 6 were steroids, and compounds 2-5 were isolated from this plant for the first time. This study provides scientific basis for the rational development and utilization of T. connaroides.

  • 鹧鸪花(Heyneatrijuga)是楝科鹧鸪花属植物,别名海木、老虎楝、小黄伞、假黄皮等,在我国主要分布于广西、云南等省(区)(中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会,1997)。鹧鸪花的根、茎均可入药,具有清热利咽、祛风除湿等功效,在民间常用于治疗咽喉炎、扁桃体炎、风湿痹痛、胃气痛等(国家中医药管理局《中华本草》编委会,1999)。

  • 前人研究表明,鹧鸪花的根、茎、叶及果实富含三萜、二萜、倍半萜、酚类、甾体以及柠檬苦素类化合物(Zhang et al.,2012; Wang et al.,2013a,b; Liu et al.,2014; Cao et al.,2021); 同时发现,其粗提物表现出良好的杀虫活性、抗炎活性和对氧化应激性高胆固醇血症的保护作用(Ashok et al.,2006; Singh &Singh,2008; Prasanna &Ashok,2011)。近年来,我国对该植物的化学成分研究主要集中于结构各异、骨架多变的柠檬苦素化合物,并相应报道了大量具有良好的抗虫、抗炎、抗肿瘤等一系列生物活性的柠檬苦素类成分(Chen et al.,2017)。本课题组在前期研究中从鹧鸪花中分离鉴定了具有显著生物活性的新颖二环 [5.2.1]体系柠檬苦素(trichiliton A)和含有罕见的烯键-烯醇-内酯共轭片段的柠檬苦素(trichagmalin A)(Fang et al.,2010; Zhang et al.,2011)。

  • 目前,该植物中柠檬苦素成分的研究应用已相对完善和成熟,而非柠檬苦素类成分的研究应用较少,其他大量的活性成分还亟待开发和利用。因此,为了更深入地阐明鹧鸪花的化学基础物质,寻找更多具有开发应用价值的活性成分,本文对鹧鸪花的枝叶甲醇提取物的乙酸乙酯部位进行研究,从中分离鉴定出6个非柠檬苦素类化合物,其中化合物1为新化合物,化合物2-5为首次从鹧鸪花中分离得到。本研究结果为进一步丰富鹧鸪花的化学成分多样性及其植物资源的深入开发与利用提供了一定的科学依据。

  • 1 材料与方法

  • 1.1 材料和仪器

  • 鹧鸪花的枝、叶于2018年10月采自云南省西双版纳植物园,经贵州中医药大学孙庆文老师鉴定为楝科鹧鸪花属的鹧鸪花(Heyneatrijuga),标本(编号:20181008)保存于贵州医科大学药学院实验室。

  • Phenomenex Luna C18色谱柱(250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm)(美国Phenomenex公司); 正相硅胶和薄层色谱板(青岛海洋化工有限公司); MCI gel CHP(日本三菱化学控股株式会社); C18反相硅胶(日本YMC公司); Sephadex LH-20(瑞典Pharmacia公司); 色谱级甲醇、乙腈(德国默克股份两合公司); 其余化学实验用溶剂为分析纯,实验用水为纯净水; Bruker HTC-Esquire 质谱仪(德国Bruker公司); Bruker AV-600 MHz核磁共振仪(TMS内标,德国Bruker公司); UV-2700型紫外可见分光光度计(岛津仪器有限公司); FTIR-650傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(天津港东科技发展股份有限公司); N-1300型旋转蒸发仪(东京理化器械独资工厂); Agilent 1260型高效液相色谱仪(美国安捷伦科技公司)。

  • 1.2 提取和分离

  • 将鹧鸪花的枝叶(20 kg)干燥并粉碎后,室温条件下用甲醇回流提取3次,每次3 h,浓缩提取液得粗提浸膏,浸膏加入适量的水分散后,加入石油醚、乙酸乙酯各萃取3次,减压浓缩分别得到石油醚部位264.5 g、乙酸乙酯部位314.2 g。将乙酸乙酯萃取部分经100~200目硅胶柱层析,以石油醚-丙酮(40∶1~5∶1)、二氯甲烷-甲醇(50∶1~0∶1)为洗脱剂进行梯度洗脱,经TCL检测合并,得到13个馏分(Fr.1~Fr.13),Fr.2分别经MCI以甲醇-水(30∶70~100∶0)层析得到7个馏分(2-1~2-7),2-4经反相柱色谱分离得到19个部分(2-4-A~2-4-S),2-4-H经硅胶柱[石油醚-二氯甲烷(1∶2)]反复分离后得到化合物5(15.5 mg); 2-4-Q用甲醇重结晶得到化合物2(22.8 mg)。Fr.3经MCI层析,以甲醇-水(70∶30~100∶0)梯度洗脱后,得到16个亚馏分(3-A~3-P),3-H经反相色谱柱以甲醇-水(60∶40~100∶0)层析得到32个部分(3-H-1~3-H-32),3-H-20经制备型HPLC分离(68%CH3OH),得到化合物4(8.7 mg); 3-H-30经制备型HPLC纯化(86%CH3OH),得到化合物3(28.8 mg); 3-K经C18柱以甲醇-水(50∶50~100∶0)层析后得到22个部分(3-K-1~3-K-22),3-K-20经硅胶柱[石油醚-乙酸乙酯(6∶1)]纯化后,得到化合物6(50 mg)。Fr.10先经MCI以甲醇-水(50∶50~100∶1)梯度洗脱后,再经硅胶柱[二氯甲烷-丙酮(12∶1)]分离纯化,最后通过制备型HPLC分离(20%CH3CN),得到化合物1(4.1 mg)。

  • 2 结果与分析

  • 化合物1 黄色油状物。 [α] 26D +30.8(c 0.03,MeOH); UV(MeOH)λmax(log ε)200(0.92)nm; IR(KBr)σmax 3 318,2 950,1 711,1 518,1 178,1 135 cm-1; HR-ESI-MS m/z:401.120 1 [M+Na]+(计算相对分子质量C19H22O8Na,401.1212),结合13C-NMR数据推断化合物1的分子式为C19H22O8,不饱和度为9。1H-NMR谱(表1)显示了2个1,3,4-三取代芳环体系的质子 [δH 6.96(1H,s,H-2),6.90(1H,overlapped,H-5),6.91(1H,overlapped,H-6)]和 [δH 7.60(1H,d,J = 1.7 Hz,H-2′),7.13(1H,d,J = 8.4 Hz,H-5′),7.65(1H,dd,J = 8.4,1.7 Hz,H-6′)]及3个甲氧基质子 [δH 3.88(3H,s),3.91(3H,s),3.95(3H,s)]。此外,还有典型的质子信号δH 4.97(1H,d,J =7.7 Hz,H-7),4.20(1H,ddd,J = 7.7,3.6,2.9 Hz,H-8),3.66(1H,dd,J = 12.4,2.9 Hz,H-9a),3.57(1H,dd,J = 12.4,3.6 Hz,H-9b)说明含有CH(O)-CH(O)-CH2(O)的结构单元。在13C-NMR和HSQC谱中显示19个碳,其中包括3个甲氧基、1个亚甲基、2个次甲基、1个羰基和2个苯环。在HMBC谱中,H-7和C-8、C-9、C-1、C-2及C-6相关,证实了化合物1是与7S,8S-guaiacylglycerol-8-acetovanillone ether结构相似的8-O-4′-新木脂素,其不同在于化合物1在C-7′位为甲氧基取代,替换了7S,8S-guaiacylglycerol-8-acetovanillone ether的甲基取代,在HMBC谱中7′-OCH3和C-7′相关已得到证实(图2),H-7和H-8的相对构型因有较大的偶合常数(J7,8 = 7.7 Hz)而被鉴定为thero构型(Zhao et al.,2019)。因此,化合物1的结构确定是一个新化合物,命名为heynealigan A。1H-NMR和13C-NMR的光谱数据如表1所示。

  • 化合物2 白色粉末。ESI-MS m/z: 479.4 [M+Na]+,分子式:C31H52O21H-NMR(600 MHz,CDCl3δ:4.74(1H,s,H-31β),4.70(1H,d,J = 1.0 Hz,H-31α),3.74(1H,d,J= 11.0 Hz,H-21β),3.63(1H,d,J = 11.0 Hz,H-21α),3.29(1H,s,H-3),2.25(1H,m,H-25),2.15(1H,m,H-23),1.94(1H,m,H-20),1.53(1H,d,J = 4.7 Hz,H-8),1.51(1H,d,J = 4.7 Hz,H-17),1.31(1H,d,J = 4.4 Hz,H-5),1.04(3H,d,J = 2.3 Hz,H-27),1.03(3H,d,J = 2.3 Hz,H-26),0.99(3H,s,H-18),0.97(3H,s,H-28),0.92(3H,s,H-30),0.81(3H,s,H-29),0.56(1H,d,J = 4.1 Hz,H-19β),0.34(1H,d,J = 4.1 Hz,H-19α)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3δ:156.6(C-24),106.39(C-31),78.8(C-3),62.4(C-21),48.9(C-14),47.9(C-8),47.0(C-5),46.2(C-17),45.2(C-13),42.6(C-17),40.5(C-4),35.4(C-15),33.8(C-25),32.1(C-12),31.9(C-7),31.3(C-23),30.4(C-1),29.8(C-19),28.2(C-22),27.6(C-16),26.4(C-11),26.2(C-10),26.0(C-2),25.4(C-28),22.0(C-27),21.9(C-26),21.1(C-6),19.9(C-9),19.4(C-30),18.3(C-18),14.0(C-29)。以上数据与文献(Prawat et al.,2013)报道基本一致,故鉴定化合物2为3β,21-dihydroxy-24-methylenecycloartane。

  • 化合物3 白色粉末。ESI-MS m/z: 497.4 [M+Na]+,分子式:C30H50O41H-NMR(600 MHz,CDCl3δ:5.31(1H,d,J = 3.1 Hz,H-7),4.12(1H,m,H-23),3.18(1H,d,J = 8.8 Hz,H-24),2.75(1H,dd,J = 14.5,6.2 Hz,H-2β),2.29(1H,dd,J = 12.0,3.2 Hz,H-9),2.25(1H,m,H-2α),2.09(2H,m,H-6),2.00(1H,m,H-16β),1.97(1H,m,H-1β),1.84(1H,m,H-22β),1.74(1H,m,H-12β),1.71(1H,m,H-5),1.64(1H,s,H-12α),1.57(2H,m,H-11),1.53(1H,d,J = 9.1 Hz,H-15β),1.50(1H,m,H-17),1.47(1H,dd,J = 9.0,6.2 Hz,H-1α),1.45(1H,m,H-15α),1.42(1H,m,H-20),1.32(3H,s,H-26),1.31(3H,s,H-27),1.28(1H,m,H-16α),1.13(1H,dd,J= 10.1,6.3 Hz,H-22α),1.11(3H,s,H-28),1.05(3H,s,H-30),1.02(3H,s,H-29),1.00(3H,s,H-19),0.89(3H,d,J = 6.3 Hz,H-21),0.85(3H,s,H-18)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3δ:217.0(C-3),145.9(C-8),117.9(C-7),74.5(C-24),74.4(C-25),69.7(C-23),54.0(C-17),52.3(C-5),51.4(C-14),48.4(C-9),47.9(C-4),43.6(C-13),39.3(C-22),38.5(C-10),35.1(C-10),35.0(C-2),34.0(C-15),33.9(C-12),33.1(C-20),28.4(C-16),27.6(C-30),27.5(C-26),26.3(C-27),24.6(C-28),24.4(C-6),22.1(C-18),21.7(C-29),19.0(C-21),18.4(C-11),12.8(C-19)。以上数据与文献(Campos et al.,1991)报道一致,故鉴定化合物3为3-oxo-threo-23,24,25-trihydroxytirucall-7-ene。

  • 化合物4 白色粉末。ESI-MS m/z: 509.3 [M+Na]+,分子式:C30H46O51H-NMR(600 MHz,CDCl3δ:5.32(1H,dd,J = 6.2,3.1 Hz,H-7),4.59(1H,ddd,J = 10.1,6.8,1.9 Hz,H-23),3.28(1H,d,J = 1.9 Hz,H-24),2.76(1H,dd,J = 14.5,5.5 Hz,H-2α),2.69(1H,m,H-20),2.38(1H,m,H-22β),2.29(1H,m,H-9),2.24(1H,dd,J = 14.5,3.1 Hz,H-2β),2.19(1H,ddd,J = 12.6,9.0,6.8 Hz,H-22α),2.10(2H,ddd,J = 10.4,3.1,7.7 Hz,H-6),1.99(1H,m,H-1α),1.85(1H,m,H-16β),1.80(1H,overlapped,H-12β),1.73(1H,d,J = 7.7 Hz,H-5),1.71(1H,overlapped,H-12α),1.69(1H,overlapped,H-11β),1.60(1H,overlapped,H-11α),1.57(2H,m,H-15),1.50(1H,ddd,J = 13.3,9.3,3.9 Hz,H-16α),1.45(1H,ddd,J = 14.2,5.5,3.1 Hz,H-1β),1.35(3H,s,H-27),1.29(3H,s,H-26),1.11(3H,s,H-28),1.06(3H,s,H-30),1.04(3H,s,H-29),1.01(3H,s,H-19),0.83(3H,s,H-18)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3δ:216.9(C-3),178.0(C-21),145.4(C-8),118.3(C-7),77.4(C-23),76.2(C-24),72.6(C-25),52.5(C-5),50.6(C-14),48.5(C-9),47.9(C-4),47.3(C-17),43.8(C-13),40.3(C-20),38.6(C-1),35.2(C-10),35.0(C-2),33.9(C-15),31.1(C-12),29.7(C-22),27.6(C-30),26.7(C-27),26.6(C-26),24.6(C-29),24.4(C-6),24.1(C-16),23.5(C-18),21.6(C-28),17.7(C-11),12.8(C-19)。以上数据与文献(胡坤等,2013)的报道一致,故鉴定化合物4为16-dehydeoxy-23β-hydroxymeliasenin F。

  • 化合物5 白色粉末。ESI-MS m/z: 437.3 [M+Na]+,分子式:C28H46O21H-NMR(600 MHz,CDCl3δ:5.34(1H,m,H-6),5.01(1H,s,H-28α),4.91(1H,s,H-28β),4.19(1H,m,H-23),3.51(1H,m,H-3),2.31(1H,m,H-25),2.27(1H,m,H-4β),2.22(1H,m,H-4α),2.00(1H,m,H-12β),1.96(1H,m,H-7β),1.88(1H,m,H-16β),1.84(1H,m,H-2β),1.84(1H,m,H-1β),1.76(1H,dd,J = 6.0,2.8 Hz,H-22β),1.58(1H,m,H-15β),1.49(1H,m,H-11β),1.49(1H,m,H-7α),1.45(1H,d,J = 4.7 Hz,H-8),1.43(1H,m,H-2α),1.41(1H,m,H-11α),1.38(1H,m,H-20),1.25(1H,m,H-22α),1.24(1H,m,H-16α),1.16(1H,dd,J = 8.8,3.7 Hz,H-12α),1.13(1H,d,J = 9.6 Hz,H-17),1.09(3H,d,J = 7.0 Hz,H-27),1.07(3H,d,J = 7.0 Hz,H-26),1.07(1H,m,H-15α),1.04(1H,m,H-1α),1.01(1H,s,H-19),1.00(3H,s,H-21),0.99(1H,s,H-14),0.92(1H,m,H-9),0.66(3H,s,H-18)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3δ:159.2(C-24),140.8(C-5),121.7(C-6),108.2(C-28),74.5(C-23),71.8(C-3),56.9(C-17),56.7(C-14),50.1(C-9),42.6(C-22),42.5(C-13),42.3(C-4),39.8(C-12),37.3(C-1),36.5(C-10),34.1(C-20),31.9(C-8),31.9(C-7),31.7(C-2),29.9(C-25),28.4(C-16),24.3(C-15),23.6(C-26),23.2(C-27),21.1(C-11),19.6(C-19),19.4(C-21),11.8(C-18)。以上数据与文献(Ma et al.,2007)报道基本一致,故鉴定化合物5为ergost-5,24(28)-diene-3β,23S-diol。

  • 化合物6 白色粉末。ESI-MS m/z: 453.4 [M+Na]+,分子式:C29H50O21H-NMR(600 MHz,CDCl3δ:5.60(1H,dd,J = 5.2,1.6 Hz,H-6),3.85(1H,s,H-7),3.58(1H,m,H-3),0.99(3H,s,H-19),0.93(3H,d,J = 6.5 Hz,H-21),0.84(3H,d,J = 3.4 Hz,H-29),0.83(3H,d,J = 6.8 Hz,H-26),0.81(3H,d,J = 6.8 Hz,H-27),0.68(3H,s,H-18)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,CDCl3δ:146.3(C-5),123.9(C-6),71.4(C-3),65.4(C-7),55.8(C-17),49.5(C-14),45.9(C-24),42.3(C-9),42.2(C-13),42.1(C-4),39.2(C-12),37.6(C-8),37.4(C-10),37.1(C-1),36.2(C-20),34.0(C-22),31.4(C-2),29.2(C-25),28.3(C-16),26.0(C-23),24.4(C-15),23.1(C-28),20.8(C-11),19.9(C-26),19.1(C-27),18.9(C-21),18.3(C-19),12.0(C-29),11.7(C-18)。以上数据与文献(Guerriero et al.,1993)报道基本一致,故鉴定化合物6为7α-羟基谷甾醇(7α-hydrositosterol)。

  • 3 讨论与结论

  • 鹧鸪花为药用植物,在我国资源丰富,具有很好的开发前景。目前,对该植物的化学成分和药理活性研究主要集中在柠檬苦素成分方面,而对鹧鸪花中非柠檬苦素成分的研究较少。

  • 本研究通过对鹧鸪花枝叶的乙酸乙酯部位进行研究,从中分离得到6个非柠檬苦素类化合物,其中,化合物1为新的木脂素,化合物2-4为三萜化合物,化合物5和化合物6为甾体化合物。

  • 图1 化合物1-6结构式

  • Fig.1 Chemical structures of compounds 1-6

  • 图2 化合物1主要的HMBC和 1H-1H COSY相关信号

  • Fig.2 Key HMBC and 1H-1H COSY correlated signals of Compound 1

  • 木脂素类成分具有保肝、抗病毒、抗肿瘤、抗氧化以及神经保护等多种活性作用(刘媛媛等,2022),新化合物heynealigan A(1)为8-O-4′-木脂素,该类型木脂素在一定浓度下表现出高于阳性对照的显著的SH-SY5Y细胞神经保护作用,并在结构上存在甲氧基取代的该类化合物的神经保护作用更优异(Zhao et al.,2019)。现代药理研究表明,三萜化合物3β,21-dihydroxy-24-methy-methycloartane(2)对人乳腺癌细胞表现出一定的细胞毒性(Prawat et al.,2013); 甾体化合物7α-羟基谷甾醇(6)具有细胞毒性和凋亡能力且具有潜在的抗癌活性(Tasyriq et al.,2012)。因此,本研究通过鹧鸪花的枝叶中非柠檬苦素类成分的发现,不仅进一步丰富了该植物的化学成分多样性,还为其植物资源的开发利用奠定了一定科学基础。

  • 表1 化合物11H-NMR和13C-NMR 光谱数据(600/150 MHz,CDCl3

  • Table1 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectral data of Compound 1 (600/150 MHz, CDCl3)

  • 参考文献

    • ASHOK P, PRASANNA GS, MATHURAM V, 2006. Analgesic and antiinflammatory activity of the chloroform extract of Trichilia connaroides (W. & A. ) Bentilizen [J]. Indian J Pharm Sci, 68(2): 231.

    • CAMPOS AM, OLIVEIRA FS, MACHADO MIL, et al. , 1991. Triterpenes from Cedrela odorata [J]. Phytochemistry, 30(30): 1225-1229.

    • CAO DH, YAO JN, SUN PJ, et al. , 2021. Structurally diverse limonoids and bio-active evaluation from Trichilia connaroides [J]. Fitoterapia, 153: 105001.

    • CHEN AH, WEN Q, MA YL, et al. , 2017. Bioactive mexicanolide-type limonoids from the fruits of Trichilia connaroides [J]. Phytochem Lett, 20: 17-21.

    • Chinese Materia Medica Editorial Board of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1999. Chinese Materia Medica [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers: 48-49. [国家中医药管理局中华本草编委会, 1999. 中华本草 [M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社: 48-49. ]

    • Editorial Committee of China Flora of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1997. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 43(3): 65. [中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会, 1997. 中国植物志 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 43(3): 65. ]

    • FANG X, DI YT, GENG ZL, et al. , 2010. Trichiliton A, a novel limonoid from Trichilia connaroides [J]. Eur J Org Chem, 41(27): 1381-1387.

    • GUERRIERO A, DEMATTÉ B, D′AMBROSIO M, et al. , 1993. Pteridines sterols, and indole derivaives from the iithistid sponge Corallistes undulates of the coral [J]. J Nat Prod, 56(11): 1962-1970.

    • HU K, MA WG, QIU MH, et al. , 2013. Five non-phragmalin limonoid compounds from twigs and leaves of Chukrasia tabularis [J]. J Yunnan Univ, 35(S1): 276-280. [胡坤, 马伟光, 邱明华, 等, 2013. 麻楝枝叶中的5个non-phragmalin柠檬苦素类化合物 [J]. 云南大学学报, 35(S1): 276-280. ]

    • LIU CP, XU JB, HAN YS, et al. , 2014. Trichiconins A-C, limonoids with new carbon skeletons from Trichilia connaroides [J]. Org Lett, 16(20): 5478-5481.

    • LIU YY, HUANG SQ, LI YZ, et al. , 2022. Research progress on lignans and pharmacological activities in plants of Schisandra [J]. Chin Trad Herb Drugs, 53(6): 1903-1918. [刘媛媛, 黄仕其, 李玉泽, 等, 2022. 五味子属植物木脂素类化学成分及其药理作用研究进展 [J]. 中草药, 53(6): 1903-1918. ]

    • MA K, LI W, FU HW, et al. , 2007. New 4alpha-methyl steroids from a Chinese soft coral Nephthea sp. [J]. Steroids, 72(14): 901-907.

    • PRASANNA G, ASHOK P, 2011. Antihyperhomocysteinemic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Trichilia connaroides in methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemic animals [J]. Indian J Pharmacol, 43(2): 203-206.

    • PRAWAT U, CHAIRERK O, LENTHAS R, et al. , 2013. Two new cycloartane-type triterpenoids and one new flavanone from the leaves of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum and their biological activity [J]. Phytochem Lett, 6(2): 286-290.

    • SINGH KM, SINGH MP, 2008. Insecticidal activity of Trichilia connaroides (W. and A. ) bentilezen (fam. Meliaceae) against some common vegetable pests [J]. Indian J Entomol, 70(4): 341-345.

    • TASYRIQ M, NAIMULDEEN IA, IN LLA, et al. , 2012. 7α-Hydroxy-β-sitosterol from Chisocheton tomentosus induces apoptosis via dysregulation of cellular Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cell cycle arrest by downregulating ERK1/2 activation [J]. Evid-Based Compl Altern Med: 1-12.

    • WANG HY, WANG JS, SHAN SM, et al. , 2013a. Chemical constituents from Trichilia connaroides and their nitric oxide production and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities [J]. Planta Med, 79(18): 1767-1774.

    • WANG HY, WANG JS, ZHANG Y, et al. , 2013b. Inhibitory effect of four triterpenoids from Trichilia connaroides on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264. 7 cells [J]. Chem Pharm Bull, 61(10): 1075-1080.

    • ZHANG Q, DI YT, HE HP, et al. , 2011. Phragmalin- and mexicanolide-type limonoids from the leaves of Trichilia connaroides [J]. J Nat Prod, 74(2): 152-157.

    • ZHANG Q, ZHANG Y, HE HP, et al. , 2012. Trichilone, a new C-21 steroid from Trichilia connaroides [J]. Nat Prod Commun, 7(10): 1267-1268.

    • ZHAO P, ZHANG H, HAN FY, et al. , 2019. Chiral resolution and neuroprotective activities of enantiomeric 8-O-4′ neolignans from the fruits of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge [J]. Fitoterapia, 136: 104164.

  • 参考文献

    • ASHOK P, PRASANNA GS, MATHURAM V, 2006. Analgesic and antiinflammatory activity of the chloroform extract of Trichilia connaroides (W. & A. ) Bentilizen [J]. Indian J Pharm Sci, 68(2): 231.

    • CAMPOS AM, OLIVEIRA FS, MACHADO MIL, et al. , 1991. Triterpenes from Cedrela odorata [J]. Phytochemistry, 30(30): 1225-1229.

    • CAO DH, YAO JN, SUN PJ, et al. , 2021. Structurally diverse limonoids and bio-active evaluation from Trichilia connaroides [J]. Fitoterapia, 153: 105001.

    • CHEN AH, WEN Q, MA YL, et al. , 2017. Bioactive mexicanolide-type limonoids from the fruits of Trichilia connaroides [J]. Phytochem Lett, 20: 17-21.

    • Chinese Materia Medica Editorial Board of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1999. Chinese Materia Medica [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Scientific & Technical Publishers: 48-49. [国家中医药管理局中华本草编委会, 1999. 中华本草 [M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社: 48-49. ]

    • Editorial Committee of China Flora of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1997. Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae [M]. Beijing: Science Press, 43(3): 65. [中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会, 1997. 中国植物志 [M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 43(3): 65. ]

    • FANG X, DI YT, GENG ZL, et al. , 2010. Trichiliton A, a novel limonoid from Trichilia connaroides [J]. Eur J Org Chem, 41(27): 1381-1387.

    • GUERRIERO A, DEMATTÉ B, D′AMBROSIO M, et al. , 1993. Pteridines sterols, and indole derivaives from the iithistid sponge Corallistes undulates of the coral [J]. J Nat Prod, 56(11): 1962-1970.

    • HU K, MA WG, QIU MH, et al. , 2013. Five non-phragmalin limonoid compounds from twigs and leaves of Chukrasia tabularis [J]. J Yunnan Univ, 35(S1): 276-280. [胡坤, 马伟光, 邱明华, 等, 2013. 麻楝枝叶中的5个non-phragmalin柠檬苦素类化合物 [J]. 云南大学学报, 35(S1): 276-280. ]

    • LIU CP, XU JB, HAN YS, et al. , 2014. Trichiconins A-C, limonoids with new carbon skeletons from Trichilia connaroides [J]. Org Lett, 16(20): 5478-5481.

    • LIU YY, HUANG SQ, LI YZ, et al. , 2022. Research progress on lignans and pharmacological activities in plants of Schisandra [J]. Chin Trad Herb Drugs, 53(6): 1903-1918. [刘媛媛, 黄仕其, 李玉泽, 等, 2022. 五味子属植物木脂素类化学成分及其药理作用研究进展 [J]. 中草药, 53(6): 1903-1918. ]

    • MA K, LI W, FU HW, et al. , 2007. New 4alpha-methyl steroids from a Chinese soft coral Nephthea sp. [J]. Steroids, 72(14): 901-907.

    • PRASANNA G, ASHOK P, 2011. Antihyperhomocysteinemic and antihyperlipidemic effect of Trichilia connaroides in methionine-induced hyperhomocysteinemic animals [J]. Indian J Pharmacol, 43(2): 203-206.

    • PRAWAT U, CHAIRERK O, LENTHAS R, et al. , 2013. Two new cycloartane-type triterpenoids and one new flavanone from the leaves of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum and their biological activity [J]. Phytochem Lett, 6(2): 286-290.

    • SINGH KM, SINGH MP, 2008. Insecticidal activity of Trichilia connaroides (W. and A. ) bentilezen (fam. Meliaceae) against some common vegetable pests [J]. Indian J Entomol, 70(4): 341-345.

    • TASYRIQ M, NAIMULDEEN IA, IN LLA, et al. , 2012. 7α-Hydroxy-β-sitosterol from Chisocheton tomentosus induces apoptosis via dysregulation of cellular Bax/Bcl-2 ratio and cell cycle arrest by downregulating ERK1/2 activation [J]. Evid-Based Compl Altern Med: 1-12.

    • WANG HY, WANG JS, SHAN SM, et al. , 2013a. Chemical constituents from Trichilia connaroides and their nitric oxide production and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities [J]. Planta Med, 79(18): 1767-1774.

    • WANG HY, WANG JS, ZHANG Y, et al. , 2013b. Inhibitory effect of four triterpenoids from Trichilia connaroides on nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264. 7 cells [J]. Chem Pharm Bull, 61(10): 1075-1080.

    • ZHANG Q, DI YT, HE HP, et al. , 2011. Phragmalin- and mexicanolide-type limonoids from the leaves of Trichilia connaroides [J]. J Nat Prod, 74(2): 152-157.

    • ZHANG Q, ZHANG Y, HE HP, et al. , 2012. Trichilone, a new C-21 steroid from Trichilia connaroides [J]. Nat Prod Commun, 7(10): 1267-1268.

    • ZHAO P, ZHANG H, HAN FY, et al. , 2019. Chiral resolution and neuroprotective activities of enantiomeric 8-O-4′ neolignans from the fruits of Crataegus pinnatifida Bge [J]. Fitoterapia, 136: 104164.