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作者简介:

盛天露(1995-),硕士研究生,主要从事天然产物的化学成分研究,(E-mail)2907078452@qq.com。

通讯作者:

刘华,博士,教授,博士生导师,主要从事天然产物药效物质基础及活性研究,(E-mail)winner616@163.com。

中图分类号:Q946

文献标识码:A

文章编号:1000-3142(2023)01-0132-07

DOI:10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202108047

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目录contents

    摘要

    苍耳(Xanthium strumarium)为民间传统药用植物,本课题组前期研究发现蒙古苍耳大孔树脂50%乙醇洗脱部位具有显著的抑制细胞坏死性凋亡(necroptosis)活性。为明确蒙古苍耳(X. mongolicum)的活性成分,活性部位采用反复硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱、制备高效液相色谱、重结晶等多种方法进行分离和纯化,运用NMR、MS等波谱方法并结合文献数据对分离得到的化合物进行结构鉴定。结果表明:从该活性部位中分离得到14个化合物,分别鉴定为hydroxydihydrobovolide(1)、树莓酮(2)、水杨醇(3)、对羟基苯乙酮(4)、对羟基苯甲醛(5)、咖啡酸乙酯(6)、阿魏醛(7)、异东莨菪素(8)、3,3′-bis(3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran)(9)、axillarin (10)、槲皮素(11)、(+)松脂素(12)、β-谷甾醇(13)和棕榈酸(14)。化合物1-47-10均为首次从苍耳中分离得到。

    Abstract

    Xanthium strumarium is a traditional folk medicinal plant. The 50% ethanol eluting faction of X. mongolicum had significant activity to inhibit necroptosis. In order to investigate the active constituents, the active fraction of X. mongolicum were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods such as repeated silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, preparative high performance liquid chromatography and recrystallization. Their structures were established on the basis of NMR, MS spectraoscopic analyses and comparison with lirerature date. The results were as follows: A total of 14 compounds were isolated from the active part and identified as hydroxydihydrobovolide(1), raspberry ketone(2), salicyl alcohol(3), 4-hydroxyl-acetophenone(4), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(5), ethyl caffeate(6), ferulaldehyde(7), isoscopletin(8), 3,3′-bis(3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran)(9), axillarin (10), quercetin (11), (+) pinoresinol(12), β-sitosterol(13) and palmatic acid(14). Compounds 1-4, 7-10 were all isolated from Xanthium mongolicum for the first time.

  • Necroptosis又被称为程序性细胞坏死或细胞坏死性凋亡,是近年来新发现的一种既受死亡信号调控、又出现坏死样结构特点的细胞死亡类型。许多研究表明Necroptosis与肿瘤细胞转移及对化疗产生耐药、药物诱导的肝损伤、神经退行性病症以及心肌梗死、中风、胰腺炎、肠炎和皮肤炎等许多疾病的病理性和器质性等损伤有关(Andress et al.,2014)。对Necroptosis进行干预可能在临床上减少这些疾病带来的损伤(Galluzzi et al.,2012)。

  • 中药有数千年治疗炎症和免疫疾病的历史。苍耳(Xanthium strumarium)为菊科(Compositae)苍耳属(Xanthium L.)一年生草本植物。作为民间传统药用植物,世界各地民间常用苍耳治疗鼻炎、风湿性关节炎、发烧、白癜风、淋巴结核、疱疹和癌症(Ma et al.,2009; Huang et al.,2011; Nibret et al.,2011)。《中华本草》记载苍耳性寒,味苦、辛,有小毒,具有驱风散寒、解毒杀虫的功效(中药大词典,1985)。现代药理研究表明,苍耳具有抗炎、抗肿瘤、抗菌、抗氧化等药理作用(中华人民共和国药典,2020)。江西省境内该属植物主要为蒙古苍耳(X. mongolicum)(付小梅等,2017)。本课题组前期在美国得州大学西南医学中心对自建的江西100种中草药提取物组分库样品进行活性筛选时发现,蒙古苍耳乙醇提物经大孔树脂乙醇洗脱部位具有抑制程序性细胞坏死的生理活性。为明确蒙古苍耳抑制程序性细胞坏死的活性成分,逐展开对其活性成分的系统化学成分分离。本研究从大孔树脂50%乙醇洗脱部位分离得到的14个化合物(图1)。其中,化合物1-47-10为首次从蒙古苍耳中分离得到。

  • 1 材料与仪器

  • 药材于2017年7月采于江西南昌,由江西中医药大学刘贤旺教授鉴定为菊科苍耳属植物蒙古苍耳(X. mongolicum)的地上部分,凭证标本保存于江西中医药大学标本室( ZY-20170701)。

  • 2695 Alliance Separations Module 型高效液相色谱仪和1525型制备高效液相色谱仪 [Lichrospher C18制备液相色谱柱(30 mm × 250 mm,10 μm)](美国Waters公司),Inova-600型超导核磁共振波谱仪(美国Varian公司),AB Triple QUAD 4500 质谱仪(美国AB SCIEX公司),WFH-203(ZF-1)型三用紫外分析仪(上海精科实业有限公司),AE100型电子分析天平(瑞士梅特勒-托利多公司)。LH-20羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶(Sephadex LH-20,瑞典GE Healthcar公司),柱色谱及薄层色谱用硅胶(200目,青岛海洋化工厂产品)。提取分离用试剂均为分析纯,半制备HPLC用甲醇为色谱纯(西陇化工股份有限公司),水为超纯水。

  • 活性筛选用的细胞系为人直肠癌细胞系HT29,培养基为 DMEM Medium加10% FBS和1% P/S。Cell Titer-Glo 细胞活性检测试剂盒购于Promega公司,肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α通过大肠杆菌表达系统表达并纯化得到; 促凋亡化合物Smac mimetic 和 Caspase 抑制剂 z-VAD.fmk 由北京生命科学研究所化学中心合成。

  • 2 研究方法

  • 2.1 提取和分离

  • 自然阴干的10 kg药材粉碎后过筛,95 %乙醇冷浸提取,每次7 d,提取3次,合并提取液,减压回收溶剂后得到提取物总浸膏800 g。总浸膏以适量乙醇溶解,拌样,装入已处理好的大孔树脂柱中,依次以不同浓度乙醇梯度洗脱,得到水洗脱部位(标记为A部位)(200 g)、30 %乙醇洗脱部位(标记为B部位)(80 g)、50 %乙醇洗脱部位(标记为C部位)(120 g)、70%乙醇洗脱部位(标记为D部位)(60 g)、90 %乙醇洗脱部位(标记为E部位)(150 g)。分别取各组分浸膏20 mg用DMSO配制成20 mg·mL-1储存液,编号,于-20℃保存,备筛选用。

  • 2.2 活性部位筛选

  • HT29(人直肠癌)细胞模型,经TSZ(终浓度分别为20 ng·mL-1 TNF-α,100 nM Smac和 20 nM z-VAD诱导过夜后,产生Necroptosis; 将配成20 mg·mL-1的样品加到经TSZ处理诱导成细胞坏死的HT29细胞模型中,37 oC恒温培养箱放置过夜; Cell Titer-Glo(Promega)试剂盒检测细胞ATP水平以确定细胞存活率。细胞存活率高的组分说明对TSZ介导的细胞坏死有抑制作用。

  • 图1 化合物1-14结构

  • Fig.1 Structure of compounds 1-14

  • 图中数据是使用Cell Titer-Glo试剂盒测定的ATP水平,反映HT29细胞诱导坏死后用不同样品刺激后存活12 h的细胞数量。 DMSO. 二甲亚砜; T.肿瘤坏死因子TNF-α; S. 促凋亡化合物Smac mimetic; Z. Caspase 抑制剂 z-VAD. A. 水洗脱部位; B.30%乙醇洗脱部位; C.50%乙醇洗脱部位; D.70%乙醇洗脱部位; E.90%乙醇洗脱部位。

  • The number of surviving HT29 cells with the indicated stimuli for 12 h was deternmined by measuring ATP levels using the Cell Titer-Glo kit. DMSO. Dimethysulfoxide; T. TNF-α; S. Samc; Z. Z-VAD. A. Water eluted fraction; B.30% ethanol eluted fraction; C.50% ethanol eluted fraction; D.70% ethanol eluted fraction; E.90% ethanol eluted fraction.

  • 图2 苍耳大孔吸附树脂各洗脱部位筛选结果

  • Fig.2 Screening results of eluted fractions by macroporous resin of Xanthium mongolicum

  • 上述洗脱部位进行细胞程序性坏死抑制实验,筛选结果如图2所示。由图2可知,经TSZ诱导的HT29细胞的存活率为28%,诱导成necroptosis的HT29细胞在加入C(50 %乙醇洗脱部位)后将存活率提高到75%,说明50%乙醇洗脱部位为活性部位之一。

  • 3 化学成分分离与结构鉴定

  • 3.1 化学成分分离

  • 为进一步明确其活性成分,将50%乙醇洗脱部位C(120 g)以二氯甲烷∶甲醇(200∶1~0∶1)梯度洗脱,经TLC合并相同Rf值,得到C-1~C-11组分。将C-5(15 g)以石油醚∶乙酸乙酯9∶1~0∶1进行梯度洗脱,得到C-5-1~C-5-2组分。将C-5-1(5 g)以二氯甲烷∶甲醇15∶1~0∶1梯度洗脱,得到C-5-1-1~C-5-1-7组分。C-5-1-1出现白色结晶,重结晶后得化合物13(33 mg)。C-5-1-5(0.2 g)析出白色晶体,经甲醇重结晶得到化合物8(9 mg)。将其余组分运用制备型高效液进行分离纯化,得到化合物6(5 mg)、10(4 mg)、3(5 mg)。C-5-2(7 g)以二氯甲烷∶甲醇15∶1~0∶1梯度洗脱,得C-5-2-1~C-5-2-5组分。将各组分分别以制备型高效液相柱进行色谱分离,得到化合物11(6 mg)、4(3 mg)、6(50 mg)、9(4 mg)、2(5 mg)。C-6(8 g)以二氯甲烷∶甲醇15∶1~0∶1梯度洗脱,得到C-6-1~C-6-8组分。将各组分分别用制备型高效液相柱进行色谱分离,得到化合物7(4 mg)、11(7 mg)、5(5 mg)、14(10 mg)、1(8 mg)、12(5 mg)。

  • 3.2 结构鉴定

  • 化合物1 黄色固体(甲醇),ESI-MS m/z: 199 [M+H]+,分子式为C11H18O31H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:1.81(d,J = 0.85 Hz,3H,H-12),1.95(d,J = 0.75 Hz,3H,H-11),1.32~1.01(m,8H,H-6,7,8,9),0.91(t,J = 6.8 Hz,1H,H-10)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:173.16(C-2),124.28(C-3),159.11(C-4),107.73(C-5),35.50(C-6),31.30(C-7),22.37(C-8),22.10(C-9),12.96(C-10),9.31(C-11),6.91(C-12)。1H-NMR与13C-NMR数据与文献(苏丽丽等,2011)报道一致,故鉴定该化合物为hydroxydihydrobovolide。

  • 化合物2 无色粉末(甲醇),ESI-MS m/z:163 [M-H]-,分子式为C10H12O21H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:7.02(2H,d,J = 8.5 Hz,H-2′/6′),6.70(2H,d,J = 8.5 Hz,H-3′/5′),2.76(4H,m,H-3,4),2.14(3H,s,1-CH3)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:28.6(C-1),210.0(C-2),28.6(C-3),44.9(C-4),131.8(C-1′),128.8(C-2′/6′),114.7(C-3′/5′),155.2(C-4′)。1H-NMR与13C-NMR数据与文献(Baek et al.,2011)报道一致,故鉴定该化合物为树莓酮(raspberry ketone,RK),也称为覆盆子酮。

  • 化合物3 淡黄色粉末(水),ESI-MS m/z:126 [M-H]-,分子式为C7H8O21H-NMR(600 MHz,D2O)δ:7.24(1H,dd,J = 7.5 Hz,J = 1.7 Hz,H-3),7.18(1H,m,H-5),6.89(1H,m,H-4),6.84(1H,d,J = 8.1 Hz,H-6),4.57(2H,s,H-7)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,D2O)δ:153.8(C-1),126.5(C-2),129.6(C-3),120.5(C-4),129.5(C-5),115.5(C-6),59.6(C-7)。1H-NMR与13C-NMR数据与文献(Jensen et al.,1979)报道一致,故鉴定该化合物为水杨醇。

  • 化合物4 无色粉末(甲醇),ESI-MS m/z:134 [M-H]-,分子式为C8H8O21H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:7.87(2H,d,J = 8.5 Hz,H-2,6),6.80(2H,d, J = 8.6 Hz,H-3,5),2.53(3H,s,8-CH3)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:129.2(C-1),132.2(C-2,6),116.3(C-3,5),165.9(C-4),199.4(C-7),26.2(C-8)。1H-NMR与13C-NMR数据与文献(达娃卓玛等,2008)报道一致,故鉴定该化合物为对羟基苯乙酮。

  • 化合物5 淡黄色粉末(甲醇),ESI-MS m/z:123 [M+H]+,分子式为C7H6O21H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:9.7(1H,s,-CHO),7.7(2H,d, J = 8.6 Hz,H-3,5),6.9(1H,d,J = 8.5 Hz,H-2,6)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:191.3(-CHO),165.1(C-4),132.1(C-2,6),128.3(C-1),115.8(C-3,5)。1H-NMR与13C-NMR数与文献(徐丽等,2019)报道一致,故鉴定该化合物为对羟基苯甲醛。

  • 化合物6 淡黄色簇晶(甲醇),ESI-MS m/z:209 [M+H]+,分子式为C11H12O41H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:7.52(1H,d,J = 15.9 Hz,H-7),7.02(1H,d, J = 2.1 Hz,H-2),6.93(1H,d,J = 8.2 Hz,J = 2.1 Hz,H-6),6.76(1H,d,J = 8.1 Hz,H-5),6.24(1H,d,J = 15.9 Hz,H-8),4.20(2H,q,J = 7.1 Hz,H-10),1.30(3H,t,J = 7.1 Hz,H-11)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:122.9(C-1),115.1(C-2),146.7(C-3),149.5(C-4),116.5(C-5),127.7(C-6),146.8(C-7),115.3(C-8),169.3(C-9),61.4(C-10),14.6(C-11)。1H-NMR与13C-NMR数据与文献(朱伶俐等,2018)报道一致,故鉴定该化合物为咖啡酸乙酯。

  • 化合物7 浅黄色油状(甲醇),ESI-MS m/z:179 [M+H]+,分子式为C10H10O31H-NMR(600 MHz,Acetone-d6δ:9.64(1H,d,J = 7.7 Hz,H-9),7.55(1H,s,H-2),8.14(1H,d,J = 15.8 Hz,H-7),7.20(1H,dd,J = 8.3,2.0 Hz,H-6),7.04(1H,d,J = 8.3 Hz,H-5),6.59(1H,dd,J = 15.8,7.7 Hz,H-8),3.91(3H,s,3-OCH3)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,Acetone-d6δ:126.6(C-1),111.4(C-2),150.5(C-3),147.0(C-4),122.0(C-5),126.6(C-6),153.9(C-7),114.0(C-8),193.1(C-9),55.4(3-OCH3)。1H-NMR与13C-NMR数据与文献(Haruna et al.,1982)报道一致,故鉴定该化合物为阿魏醛。

  • 化合物8 白色粉末(甲醇),ESI-MS m/z:193 [M+H]+,分子式为C10H8O41H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:7.86(1H,d,J = 9.5 Hz,H-4),7.12(1H,s,H-8),6.78(1H,s,H-5),6.21(1H,d, J = 9.4 Hz,H-3),3.91(3H,s,H-11)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:111.22(C-3),144.73(C-4),102.56(C-5),106.54(C-8),55.41(C-11)。1H-NMR与13C-NMR数据与文献(舒任庚等,2010)报道一致,故鉴定该化合物为异东莨菪素。

  • 化合物9 淡黄色油状物(甲醇),ESI-MS m/z:335 [M+H]+,分子式为C20H22O61H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:6.97(2H,d, J = 1.9 Hz,H-5,5′),6.83(2H,dd,J = 8.2 Hz,J = 2.0 Hz,H-7,7′),6.79(2H,d,J = 8.1 Hz,H-8,8′),4.73(2H,d,J = 4.2 Hz,H-4,4′),4.25(2H,dd,J = 9.1,6.9 Hz,H-2a,2a′),3.88(6H,s,6,6′-OCH3),3.86(2H,dd,J = 9.5 Hz,3.9 Hz,H-2b,2b′),3.17(2H,m,H-3,3′)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:71.2(C-2,2′),54.0(C-3,3′),86.1(C-4,4′),114.7(C-5,5′),147.7(C-6,6′),118.6(C-7,7′),109.5(C-8,8′),145.9(C-9,9′),132.4(C-10,10′),55.0(OCH3)。1H-NMR与13C-NMR数据与文献(Saleem et al.,1997)报道一致,故鉴定该化合物为3,3′-bis(3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran)。

  • 化合物10 黄色粉末(甲醇),ESI-MS m/z:347 [M+H]+,分子式为C17H14O81H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:7.62(1H,d,J = 2.2 Hz,H-2′),7.52(1H,dd,J = 8.5,2.2 Hz,H-6′),6.89(1H,d,J = 8.5 Hz,H-5′),6.49(1H,s,H-8),3.88(3H,s,3′-OCH3),3.78(3H,s,6-OCH3)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:156.72(C-2)137.83(C-3),178.89(C-4),152.28(C-5),131.18(C-6),157.40(C-7),93.58(C-8),152.37(C-9),104.89(C-10),121.53(C-1′),115.02(C-2′),145.07(C-3′),148.58(C-4′),115.07(C-5′),120.94(C-6′),59.55(3-OCH3),59.11(6-OCH3)。1H-NMR与13C-NMR数据与文献(Fadul et al.,2020)报道一致,故鉴定该化合物为axillarin。

  • 化合物11 黄色针晶(甲醇),ESI-MS m/z:303 [M+H]+,分子式为C15H10O71H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:7.51(1H,s,H-2′),7.37(1H,d, J = 8.5 Hz,H-6′),6.72(1H,d,J = 8.4 Hz,H-5′),6.24(1H,s,H-8),6.02(1H,s,H-6)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:146.8(C-2),135.7(C-3),175.8(C-4),156.1(C-5),98.2(C-6),163.9(C-7),93.4(C-8),160.7(C-9),103.0(C-10),122.0(C-1′),115.1(C-2′),145.1(C-3′),147.7(C-4′),115.6(C-5′),120.0(C-6′)。1H-NMR与13C-NMR数据与文献(曾令峰等,2017)报道一致,故鉴定该化合物为槲皮素。

  • 化合物12 黄色粉末状晶体(甲醇),ESI-MS m/z:359 [M+H]+。分子式为C20H22O61H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:6.97(2H,d,J = 1.9Hz,H-2,2′),6.93(2H,dd,J = 8.2,1.8Hz,H-6,6′),6.79(2H,d,J = 8.1Hz,H-5,5′),4.73(1H,d,J = 4.4 Hz,H-7,7′),4.26(2H,dd,J = 9.0,6.9 Hz,H-9a,9′a),3.86(2H,dd,J = 9.0,3.2Hz,H-9b,9′b),3.88(各3H,s,2×-OCH3)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:132.3(C-1,1′),109.5(C-2,2′)147.7(C-3,3′),145.9(C-4,4′),114.6(C-5,5′),118.6(C-6,6′),86.1(C-7,7′),53.9(C-8,8′),71.2(C-4,8),54.9( 3′,3′′-OCH3)。1H-NMR与13C-NMR数据与文献(张莲等,2020)报道一致,故鉴定该化合物为(+)松脂素。

  • 化合物13 无色针状结晶(甲醇),分子式为C32H56O,10%硫酸-乙醇溶液呈紫色斑点。与对照品混合后三个不同体系展开Rf值一致,熔点不下降,故鉴定该化合物为β-谷甾醇。

  • 化合物14 白色粉末结晶(甲醇),ESI-MS m/z:257 [M+H]+,分子式为C16H32O21H-NMR(600 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:0.89(3H,t,J =5.9 Hz,H-2),1.6(24H,brs,H-4~15),2.08(2H,m,H-3),2.29(2H,t, J =5.9 Hz,H-2)。13C-NMR(150 MHz,Methanol-d4δ:173.7(C-1),33.2(C-2),31.7(C-14),29.6(C-7~12),29.5(C-6),29.4(C-13),29.3(C-4),24.7(C-3),22.4(C-15),13.5(C-16)。1H-NMR与13C-NMR数据与文献(朱伶俐等,2018)报道一致,故鉴定该化合物为棕榈酸。

  • 4 讨论

  • 苍耳、苍耳子为同基源不同药用部位的药材,系菊科植物苍耳的干燥地上部分和成熟带总苞的果实,分别收载于1989版《江苏省中药材标准》和2020版《中国药典》。苍耳子性温,具散风寒、通鼻鸾、祛风湿之功效。而苍耳性微寒,具清风热、解毒之功效(刘秀娟等,2013)。本课题组前期在美国得州大学西南医学中心进行活性筛选时发现采自江西的蒙古苍耳具有抑制程序性细胞坏死的生理活性,确定其大孔树脂50%乙醇洗脱部位活性显著。

  • 从活性部位分离得到的14个化合物中,化合物1(hydroxydihydrobovolide)为蒙古苍耳中首次分离得到的αβ-不饱和-γ-内酯,具有显著抗肿瘤(苏丽丽等,2011)和抗HIV活性(Zhang et al.,2005)。化合物2-7为酚类化合物,其中树莓酮具有保肝、保心、抗氧化和抗炎作用(Hamdy et al.,2020; Mir et al.,2021),现在已广泛应用于食品中的调味剂产品和化妆品美白剂(Lin et al.,2011)。水杨醇具有较好的抗金黄色葡萄球菌活性(杜鹃等,2020)。4-HAP常作为防腐增效剂使用(范培浩等,2020)。4-HBd除了具有抗血栓形成(申婷等,2017)、保护血脑屏障(祝燕平等,2018)、减轻神经炎症损伤(向彬等,2017)、抗神经细胞凋亡(周晓楠等,2017)等作用以外,还可以诱导小鼠骨髓源性巨噬细胞的自噬(Jina et al.,2020)。咖啡酸乙酯具有抗炎、免疫调节和抗肿瘤等活性,是NF-κB信号通路的特异性抑制剂,具有良好的临床应用前景(马瑞丽等,2012)。阿魏醛(FRA)多存在于水果和蔬菜的果皮以及不同植物的叶子中,不仅具有抗炎和抗氧化活性(Zhao et al.,2008),还能抑制脂多糖(LPS)诱导的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7中诱导一氧化氮酶的表达和一氧化氮的合成(Kim et al.,1999)。化合物8(异东莨菪素)为首次从蒙古苍耳中分离得到的香豆素类化合物。化合物9[3,3′-bis(3,4-dihydro-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-2H-1-benzopyran)]为首次从蒙古苍耳中分离得到的聚合物。化合物10(axillarin)和化合物11(槲皮素)为黄酮类化合物,其中化合物10表现出较强的抗白色念珠菌(Fatma et al.,2018)、DPPH自由基清除和超负氧阴离子清除活性(Fadul et al.,2020),化合物11具有抑制自由基、抗氧化、抗菌、抗炎、免疫调节、抗病毒、抗癌等多种生物活性,可能在控制或治疗COVID-19方面发挥有益作用(Khazdair et al.,2021)。化合物12(松脂素)是一种高价值的植物源木脂素,能够显著抑制人白血病细胞的增殖能力(Sepporta et al.,2013),并通过诱导肿瘤细胞周期阻滞和凋亡来减弱结肠癌的进展(Fini et al.,2008)。

  • Necroptosis是一种与机体炎症反应和免疫功能密切相关的细胞死亡类型。以上化合物除化合物891314外,其余化合物都表现出各自的抗炎免疫活性。但这些化合物表现的生理活性是否与前期发现的蒙古苍耳对Necroptosis产生抑制作用的活性相关,是否能从中确定蒙古苍耳抑制Necroptosis的天然小分子抑制剂,还有待后期进行更加系统和深入的研究。

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    • MA G, CHONG L, LI Z, et al. , 2009. Anticancer activities of sesquiterpene lactones from Cyathocline purpurea in vitro [J]. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol, 64(11): 143-152.

    • MA RL, XU XQ, TANG J, et al. , 2012. Research progress on anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects of caffeic acid phenethyl ester based on NF-κB signaling pathway [J]. Chin J Pharmacol Toxicol, 26(3): 393-396. [马瑞丽, 徐秀泉, 汤建, 等, 2012. 基于NF-κB信号通路的咖啡酸苯乙酯抗炎和抗肿瘤作用研究进展 [J]. 中国药理与毒理学杂志, 26(3): 393-396. ]

    • MIR TM, MA G, ALI Z , et al. , 2021. Effect of raspberry ketone on normal, obese and health-compromised obese mice: a preliminary study [J]. J Diet Suppl, 18(9): 1-16.

    • National Pharmacopoeia Commission, 2015. Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China (Part I) [M]. Beijing: China Medical Science and Technology Press: 162. [国家药典委员会. 2020. 中华人民共和国药典(一部) [M]. 北京: 中国医药科技出版社: 169. ]

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    • SHEN T, XIAO C, XIANG B, et al. , 2017. Study on themechanism of the anti-platelet aggregation of 4-HBd from Gastrodia [J]. Chin Pharmac, 26(18) : 4-7. [申婷, 肖纯, 向彬, 等, 2017. 天麻成分 4- HBd 抗血小板聚集的作用机制研究 [J]. 中国药业, 26(18): 4-7. ]

    • SHU RG, LI SS, HU HW, et al. , 2010. Studies on chemical constituents of Chimonanthus nitens oliv [J]. Chin Pharm J, 45(15): 1134-1135. [舒任庚, 李莎莎, 胡浩武, 等, 2010. 山蜡梅化学成分研究 [J]. 中国药学杂志, 45(15): 1134-1135. ]

    • SU LL, TANG XL, ZHANG J, et al. , 2011. Studies on chemical constituents of gorgonian Melifhaea sp. from the south China sea [J]. Chin J Mar Drugs, 30(5): 18-22. [苏丽丽, 唐旭利, 张婧, 等, 2011. 中国南海海底柏柳珊瑚化学成分研究 [J]. 中国海洋药物, 30(5): 18-22. ]

    • XIANG B, XIAO C, SHEN T, et al. , 2017. 4-HBd can prevent neuroinflammation after acute cerebral ischemia in rats [J]. Chin Trad Pat Med, 39(8) : 1572-1576. [向彬, 肖纯, 申婷, 等, 2017. 4-HBd可预防大鼠急性脑缺血后神经炎症 [J]. 中成药, 39(8) : 1572-1576. ]

    • XU L, AI ZF, ZENG LF, et al. , 2019. Study on the chemical constituents of Commelina communis [J]. Chin Trad Pat Med, 41(7): 1592-1597. [徐丽, 艾志福, 曾令峰, 等, 2019. 鸭跖草化学成分的研究 [J]. 中成药, 41(7): 1592-1597. ]

    • ZENG LF, XU JW, XU L, et al. , 2017. Separation and identification of flavonoids from Siegesbeckia lanceolata [J]. Chin J Exp Trad Med Form, 23(14): 74-77. [曾令峰, 徐骏伟, 徐丽, 等, 2017. 毛梗豨莶草黄酮类化学成分分离鉴定 [J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 23(14): 74-77. ]

    • ZHANG HJ, NGUYEN VH, NGUYEN MC, et al. , 2005. Sesquiterpenes and butenolides, natural anti-HIV constituents from Litsea verticillata [J]. Planta Med, 71(5): 452-457.

    • ZHANG L, YANG CK, LUO QP, et al. , 2020. Study on the non-diterpene alkaloids in the aerial parts of Aconitum [J]. Chin Trad Herb Drugs, 51(3): 588-593. [张莲, 杨崇康, 罗启鹏, 等, 2020. 乌头地上部分非二萜生物碱类成分研究 [J]. 中草药, 51(3): 588-593. ]

    • ZHAO Z, MOGHADASIAN MH, 2008. Chemistry, natural sources, dietary intake and pharmacokinetic properties offerulic acid: a review [J]. Food Chem, 109(4): 691-702.

    • ZHOU XN, SONG XL, LIU W, et al. , 2017. The inhibitory effect of 4-HBd on calcium overload caused by neuronal hypoxia [J]. Nat Prod Res Dev, 29(8): 1296-1301. [周晓楠, 宋雪兰, 柳弯, 等, 2017. 4-HBd 对神经元缺氧所致钙超载的抑制作用 [J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 29(8): 1296-1301. ]

    • ZHU LL, XU L, WU HQ, et al. , 2018. Study on chemical constituents of Siegesbeckia lanceolata [J]. Chin J Exp Trad Med Form, 24(2): 57-61. [朱伶俐, 徐丽, 吴华强, 等, 2018. 毛梗豨莶草化学成分研究Ⅱ [J]. 中国实验方剂学杂志, 24(2): 57-61. ]

    • ZHU YP, LI X, DU Y, et al. , 2018. Study on the protective effect and mechanism of 4-HBd on the blood-brain barrier [J]. Chin J Chin Mat Med, 43(5) : 1021-1027. [祝燕平, 李欣, 杜瑶, 等, 2018. 4-HBd 对血脑屏障的保护作用及机制研究 [J]. 中国中药杂志, 43(5) : 1021-1027. ]

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    • SHEN T, XIAO C, XIANG B, et al. , 2017. Study on themechanism of the anti-platelet aggregation of 4-HBd from Gastrodia [J]. Chin Pharmac, 26(18) : 4-7. [申婷, 肖纯, 向彬, 等, 2017. 天麻成分 4- HBd 抗血小板聚集的作用机制研究 [J]. 中国药业, 26(18): 4-7. ]

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    • ZHANG L, YANG CK, LUO QP, et al. , 2020. Study on the non-diterpene alkaloids in the aerial parts of Aconitum [J]. Chin Trad Herb Drugs, 51(3): 588-593. [张莲, 杨崇康, 罗启鹏, 等, 2020. 乌头地上部分非二萜生物碱类成分研究 [J]. 中草药, 51(3): 588-593. ]

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    • ZHOU XN, SONG XL, LIU W, et al. , 2017. The inhibitory effect of 4-HBd on calcium overload caused by neuronal hypoxia [J]. Nat Prod Res Dev, 29(8): 1296-1301. [周晓楠, 宋雪兰, 柳弯, 等, 2017. 4-HBd 对神经元缺氧所致钙超载的抑制作用 [J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 29(8): 1296-1301. ]

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