| 摘要: |
| 全球自然历史博物馆中保存着约3.9亿份植物标本，这些标本为科学研究提供了重要支撑。最近二十年来，随着标本数字化的发展，数字植物标本在科学研究中的应用变得日益广泛。数字植物标本不仅给标本传统的用途提供了便利，而且也衍生出了新的研究主题和方向。鉴于目前中文文献中还缺乏数字植物标本在科学研究中的应用概述及所面临挑战的分析，该文概述了全球植物标本数字化的概况，并对数字标本在生物地理学、入侵生物学、生物多样性和保护生物学等领域中的应用情况进行了综述。主要集中在以下五个方面：（1）生物地理学研究中物种分布格局及其成因；（2）编制入侵植物名录、重建入侵历史和预测入侵风险；（3）气候变化情景下植物分布格局的变迁机制；（4）生物多样性编目和保护区规划；（5）其他相关应用（如农业和民族药物学等）。最后，针对数字植物标本应用中存在的问题进行了讨论并提出了相应的对策，并呼吁开发将数字标本和其他生物科学大数据进行整合分析的新理论、方法和工具。该文有望为植物学及其相关学科提供参考。 |
| 关键词: 植物标本，数字标本，生物地理学，入侵生物学，气候变化，保护生物学，生物多样性，民族药物学 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:Q94 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金(41971071, 31770367)；中国科学院从“0到1”原始创新项目(ZDBS-LY-7001)；云南省万人计划“青年拔尖”人才项目(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-146)； |
|
| Application of digitized herbarium specimens in scientific research: progress and challenges |
|
ZHU Guangfu1, YI Tingshuang1, LIU Jie2
|
|
1.Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming;2.Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming
|
| Abstract: |
| About 390 million herbarium specimens are permanently stored in natural history museums around the world, and these specimens provide important support for scientific research. Increasingly, digital specimens have become key tools in taxonomic research, especially with the rapid development of the specimen digitization in the last two decades. The digital specimens not only guarantee convenience, but also open a new window for other research fields. However, few studies in Chinese literature have reviewed the application of digitized herbarium specimens in scientific research, and the associated future challenges. In this review, we summarized the current state of specimen digitization across the globe, and provided a brief overview of its application in biogeography, invasion biology, biodiversity, conservation biology, and other fields. Here, we mainly focus on following five aspects: (1) distribution range, patterns and determinants in biogeography; (2) the compilation of invasive plant checklist, reconstruction of the invasion history, and prediction of future invasion risk; (3) range shift mechanisms of plants under climate change scenarios; (4) biodiversity inventories and protected areas designing; (5) other fields (e.g. agriculture and ethnopharmacology). Finally, we discuss the challenges facing digital herbaria, and suggest potential solutions such as the adoption of new theories, methods and tools for the integration and analysis of digital specimens with other big data in biological sciences. The present study offers new insights into the value of plant digital specimens and their applicability in botany and other relevant disciplines. |
| Key words: herbarium specimens, digitized specimens, biogeography, invasion biology, climate change, conservation biology, biodiversity, ethnopharmacology |
