| 摘要: |
| 白裤瑶非常喜欢饲养和食用当地黑猪，对饲料植物的采集和管理具有独特而丰富的经验和知识。该研究旨在对白裤瑶地区饲料植物及其有关的本土知识进行民族植物学编目，为其传统知识的保存提供数据支撑，为现代新型饲料的开发提供思路。2019年至2021年，我们通过关键人物访谈、半结构式访谈、小组讨论等调查手段，多次前往白裤瑶地区进行了饲料植物的民族植物学调查。同时，本研究还通过打分排序和统计植物利用频率筛选出了综合利用价值高的饲料植物。结果表明：（1）白裤瑶传统饲料植物共104种，隶属于42科85属；被引用植物种数最多的科是菊科（16种，占总种数的15.38%），其次为荨麻科（13种，占总种数的12.5%）。（2）枝叶（56.73%）、全草（26.92%）和叶（8.65%）为当地饲料植物的主要利用部位，大多数饲料植物是草本植物（88.46%），多数饲料植物一年四季都可以采集（占总数的64.42%），保障了家猪食物来源充足，切碎（打碎）后煮熟饲喂是主要的加工方法。（3）当地被受访者引用最多的物种是玉蜀黍、构树、番薯、桑、金荞麦、稻。（4）根据综合打分排序，在当地具有较高综合评价的饲料植物分别为构树、番薯、桑、金荞麦、南瓜。白裤瑶对饲料植物用于养猪的利用和管理有着丰富的传统知识，十分科学，且保存的较为完善，相关的饲料植物资源也值得进一步开发和推广。 |
| 关键词: 瑶族，白裤瑶，饲料植物，民族植物学，传统知识，畜牧业 |
| DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202111076 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（32000264）；广西自然科学基金（2018GXNSFBA281162）；广西中医药重点学科建设项目（GZXK-Z-20-69）；中国科学院庐山植物园专项(2021ZWZX12) |
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| Ethnobotanical study on forage plants in Baiku Yao communities of China |
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HU Renchuan1, Hu Qimin1, Nong You1, LUO Binsheng2*
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1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Chinese Medicine & Pharmaceutical Science, Nanning 530022, China; 2. Lushan Botanical Garden, Jiangxi Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lushan 332900, Jiangxi, China
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| Abstract: |
| Baiku Yao people like to eat local black pigs, and they are very good at collecting and managing forage plants. This study aims to make an ethnobotanical inventory of forage plants and their related native knowledge in the Baiku Yao area, provide data support for the preservation of their traditional knowledge, and provide ideas for the development of modern new types of forage. From 2019 to 2021, we went to the local area for ethnobotanical investigation of forage plants, using key formant interviews, semi-structured interviews, and group discussions. Additionally, we have screened out the forage plants with high comprehensive utilization value according to scoring and ranking and their utilization frequency. The results are as follows: (1) 104 forage plant species are recorded, belonging to 85 genera and 42 families. The family with the most cited species is Asteraceae (16 species, accounting for 15.38% of the total species), followed by Urticaceae (13 species, accounting for 12.5% of the total species). (2) Branches and leaves (56.73%), whole plant (26.92%) and leaves (8.65%) are the main utilization parts of local forage plants, accounting for 92.3% of the recorded plants. Most forage plants are herbaceous plants (88.46%). There are adequate forage plants that can be collected to feed pigs in almost all seasons. Chopping, crushing, and cooking feed plants are the main preparation methods of pig feed. (3) The most frequently cited local species are Zea mays, Broussonetia papyrifera, Ipomoea batatas, Morus alba, Fagopyrum dibotrys, and Oryza sativa. (4) The local forage plants with high comprehensive evaluation are Broussonetia papyrifera, Ipomoea batatas, Morus alba, Fagopyrum dibotrys, and Cucurbita moschata. The local people have rich traditional knowledge about the use and management of forage plants for swine, which are very scientific and well preserved, and the related forage plant resources are also worthy of further development and promotion. |
| Key words: Yao, Baiku Yao, forage plant, ethnobotany, traditional knowledge, animal husbandry |
