Page 6 - 《广西植物》2020年第1期
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2                                      广  西  植  物                                         40 卷
   tions on ovaryꎬ fruit and seed suggested that Trapaceae  var. aspinfa Z. T. Xiongꎬ T. pseudoincisa var. complana
   was merged in Lythraceae with Punicaceae and Sonnerati ̄  Z. T. Xiong were described as new varieties. Guan &
   aceae (APG IIIꎬ 2009ꎻ Graham & Grahamꎬ 2014ꎻ APG  Lang (1987) described a new varietyꎬ Trapa litwinowii
   IVꎬ 2016). Trapaꎬ containing more than 150 scientific  var. chihuensis S. F. Guan & Q. Lang. In FRPSꎬ Wan
   names belonging to approximately 30 speciesꎬ is   (2000) recognized fifteen species and eleven varieties
   distributed in temperate to subtropical regions of Europeꎬ  of Trapaꎬ while another treatment contained only two
   Asia and Africa (Chen et al.ꎬ 2007). East Asia is the di ̄  species in Flora of China (Chen et al.ꎬ 2007).
   versity hotspot of Trapaꎬ and 15 species and several in ̄  Species delimitation of Trapa is debated till
   traspecific taxa were reported in Chinaꎬ especially in  now. In Flora of Europeꎬ Tutin & Heywood (1968) only
   middle and lower catchment of Yangtzi River ( Wanꎬ  considered one polymorphic speciesꎬ Trapa natansꎬ and
   2000). Many taxa of Trapa are widly cultivated for their  merged thirteen species in it. Vassiljev ( 1949 )
   fruitsꎬ which contain abundant starchꎬ and this genus is  recognized ca. 70 species worldwideꎬ while ca. 30
   one of the importantꎬ aquatic and economic plants.  species were recognized by some taxonomists ( Li &
       Trapa was established in species Platarumꎬ with  Changꎬ 1977ꎻ Yanꎬ 1983ꎻ Kak & Duraniꎬ 1988ꎻ Wuꎬ
   only one speciesꎬ Trapa natans L. ( Linnaeusꎬ     1991). Cook (1990) gave an uncertain viewpoint: the
   1753). Laterꎬ some new species or varieties were de ̄  genus Trapa containing one single polymorphic species
   scribed by Carl Linnaeus (1782)ꎬ Loureiro (1790)ꎬ  or ca. 20 species.
   Flerov (1925)ꎬ Nakai (1942)ꎬ Vassiljev (1947) and     How many species are there in the genus Trapa?
   Nakano (1964)ꎬ and some of these new species or vari ̄  One or more? One of the authors (Ding) joined to edit
   eties were also distributed in China.             the Trapaceae of Flora of China and accepted only two
       In Chinaꎬ Forbes & Hemsley (1903) recognized  species: Trapa incisa Siebold & Zucc. and T. natansꎬ in
   only one speciesꎬ Trapa natansꎬ in the enumeration of  Chinaꎬ but six varieties of T. natans were herein recog ̄
   the plants in China. In Symbolae Sinicaeꎬ Trapa maxi ̄  nized for reflection of the species differentiation as well
   mowiczii Korsh. with two varieties were recorded  as daily application for agricultural cultivation and
   (Handel ̄Mazzettiꎬ 1933). In Lineamenta Florae Man ̄  usageꎬ species protectionꎬ etc.
   shuricaeꎬ three species of Trapaꎬ T. bispinosa Roxb.ꎬ  The current revision is based on our previous stu ̄
   T.  maximowiczii  Korsh.  and  T.  natansꎬ  were  dies: (1) The observation of the pollen micromorphology

   recorded. Li & Chang (1977) recognized seven species  of nine Trapa speciesꎬ with a preliminary study on the
   and a form in North ̄east Chinaꎬ including a new species  pollination biology (Ding et al.ꎬ 1991ꎬ 1996)ꎻ (2) Tax ̄
   Trapa arcuata S. H. Li & Y. L. Chang. Yan (1983)  onomy of Trapa in Flora of Zhejiang (Fang & Dingꎬ
   recognized eleven speices in Chinaꎬ while Diao    1993)ꎻ (3) Variation pattern of the Trapa fruits in Tang ̄
   (1990a) recognized thirteen speciesꎬ three varieties and  sun Lake (Jin & Dingꎬ 1995)ꎻ (4) Chromosome numbers
   one formꎬ including one new species. Diao (1990b) de ̄  of 23 population belonging nine species (Huang et al.ꎬ
   scribed another new species Trapa dimorphocarpa. Wan  1996)ꎻ (5) Seedling morpholohy of ten Trapa species
   (1984 ) proposed a taxonomic revision on Chinese  (Ding et al.ꎬ 1999)ꎻ (6) Morphological variation and taxo ̄
   Trapaꎬ and thirteen speciesꎬ four varieties and one form  nomic significance (Hu et al.ꎬ 2001ꎻWang et al.ꎬ 2006)ꎻ
   were recognized. Laterꎬ Wan (1991ꎬ 2000) described  (7) Relationship among Trapa species detected by RAPD
   two  new  varieties  and  a  combination:  Trapa  markers (Jiang & Dingꎬ 2004). The aims of this present
   quadrispinosa Roxb. var. yongxiuensis W. H. Wanꎬ  taxonomic revision were to: ( 1) Answer the above ̄
   T. pseudoincisa var. nanchangensis W. H. Wan and  mentioned question “How many species of Trapa in Chi ̄
   T. macropoda var. bispinosa (Roxb.) W.H. Wan. Xiong  na?”ꎬ based on a comprehensive result with all evidences
   (1985 ) treated Trapa quadrispinosaꎬ T. bispinosaꎬ  of morphologyꎬ palynologyꎬ chromosome numbers and DNA
   T. taiwanensis and T. acornis as the varieties of T. bicor ̄  markersꎻ (2) Clarify the infra ̄specific taxa of T. natans

   nisꎬ and T. japonica var. magnicorona Z. T. Xiongꎬ  and their identifying charactersꎬ and supply the differentia ̄
   T. japonica var. longicollum Z. T. XiongꎬT. pseudoincisa  tion pattern of morphological characters for further usage.
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