Page 7 - 《广西植物》2020年第2期
P. 7

1 4 4                                 广  西  植  物                                         40 卷
       Abstract: Castanea henryi has very high edible and medicinal valuesꎬ which is an important woody grain and a charac ̄
       teristic fruit tree resource in South China. In order to find out the best treatment strategy to improve the germination rate
       of C. henryi seedsꎬ and provide scientific references for its exploration and utilizationꎬ effects of temperatureꎬ lightꎬ ma ̄
       trixꎬ matrix moisture and shell ̄breaking treatment on seed germination of C. henryi were investigated. The results were as
       follows: (1) The suitable temperature for germination was 25 ℃ꎬ the final germination percentage was 92.67%ꎬ and the
       germination percentage under other temperature conditions decreasedꎬ but had no significant differences with that under
       25 ℃. (2) The germination percentage and germination energy under the dark regime was significantly higher than that
       under alternating light regimeꎬ but the root length under alternating light regime was significantly longer than that under
       the dark regime. (3) Peat soil had the best effect on seed germination and seedling growthꎬ the germination percentage
       and germination energy in peat soil were higher than that in sandꎬ and the root length in peat soil was significantly longer
       than that in sand. (4) The matrix moistures had no significant effect on seed germination percentage and germination
       energy. (5) The mechanical barrier of seed shell was one of the limiting factors of seed germination. After shell ̄breaking
       treatmentꎬ the seed germination energy and root length were significantly different from those without shell ̄
       breaking. Shell ̄breaking treatment could accelerate seed germination in actual production.
       Key words: Castanea henryiꎬ seedꎬ environmental factorsꎬ shell ̄breaking treatmentꎬ germination


       锥栗( Castanea henryi) 又名榛子、珍珠栗、旋               的综合影响ꎬ是植物为适应环境以保持自身的繁
   栗或棒栗ꎬ为壳斗科( Fagaceae) 栗属( Castanea) 植              殖发展而形成的一种生物特性ꎬ具有重要的生态
   物ꎬ是我国南方著名的干果和木本粮食树种之一ꎬ                            学意义ꎮ 本文通过研究不同因素( 温度、光照、基
   为我 国 特 色 落 叶 果 树 资 源 ( 刘 国 华 和 方 精 云ꎬ             质类型、基质含水量、破壳处理等) 对锥栗种子萌
   2001)ꎮ 锥栗具有很高的食用价值和药用价值ꎮ                          发的影响ꎬ探讨适合锥栗种子萌发的条件ꎬ以期为
   锥栗果实富含淀粉、可溶性糖、不饱和脂肪酸、核                            锥栗播种育苗及大量繁殖提供参考和理论依据ꎮ
   黄素、Vb、Vc 及人体所必需的 Ca、Fe、Mg、Mn 等微
   量元素(郑诚乐等ꎬ2003)ꎬ其蛋白质和脂肪含量与                         1  材料与方法
   小麦相当ꎬ比稻米高 2 ~ 3 倍ꎬ碳水化合物含量高于
   小麦(宋爱云等ꎬ2001)ꎮ 锥栗所含的不饱和脂肪                         1.1 材料
   酸和多种维生素ꎬ对高血压、冠心病和动脉硬化等                                锥栗种子于 2016 年 10 月采自广西灵川县海

   疾病有较好的预防和治疗作用ꎬ栗内薄皮可去皱、                            洋乡小平乐村山林的野生种群ꎮ 种子采回经去杂
   美容ꎬ栗壳有止反胃、消渴、止泻血的功能ꎬ栗花可                           清理后 进 行 千 粒 重、种 径 测 定ꎬ并 置 于 温 度 为 4
   治疗颈淋巴结核ꎬ栗毛球和树皮有去毒、消肿之功                            ℃ 、水分含量约 4%的沙床进行沙藏保存ꎬ备用ꎮ
   效ꎬ栗根有治偏肾气的作用( 景芸等ꎬ2004ꎻ郑诚                         1.2 方法
   乐ꎬ2008)ꎮ 锥栗的壳斗、树皮含有大量的鞣质ꎬ可                            种子千粒重是从干净种子中随机抽取1 000粒

   提取拷胶ꎮ 锥栗是落叶乔木ꎬ实生树可高达 30 mꎬ                        种子进行称重ꎬ重复三次ꎮ 种径测定是随机抽取
   树干比板栗和茅栗直ꎬ材质坚实、耐水湿ꎬ是枕木、                           30 粒种子进行纵径和横径的测定ꎮ 种子萌发试验
   建筑、家具、造船的优质经济树种ꎻ其根系发达ꎬ能                           于 2015 年 11 月 至 2016 年 4 月 在 室 温 条 件 和
   固结、改良土壤ꎬ防止水土流失ꎬ是提高森林覆盖                            LRH ̄250 ̄G 光照培养箱(广东省医疗器械厂生产)

   率、有效改善生态环境的优良树种(王海为ꎬ2003)ꎮ                        条件下进行ꎮ
       种子是种子植物特有的延存器官ꎬ种子萌发                           1.2.1 种子萌发特性测定  实验前种子经清水搓
   与否对种子植物的生存和繁衍具有决定性作用                              洗ꎬ并以水选法选取饱满种子ꎬ用 0.5% KMnO 浸
                                                                                                4
   (Rajjou et al.ꎬ 2012)ꎬ是它们完成种群扩散、占领                泡消毒 30 minꎬ清水冲洗ꎬ滤干后备用ꎮ 采用单因
   新领地以及种群更新的极为关键的一步ꎮ 种子萌                            素试验ꎬ分别探讨不同温度、光照、基质、基质含水
   发是植物对环境抵抗力最弱的阶段ꎬ其中会受到                             量及破壳处理五个试验因素对种子萌发的影响ꎬ
   氧气、温度、阳光、水分等环境因子以及自身能力                            萌发试验的所有处理均设三个重复ꎬ每重复 50 粒
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