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| 谷子产量和元素间相互关系对叶面施硒的响应 |
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薛晨阳1,王晨曦1,2,张宇辰1,3,张锶1,杜颜1,李晓军1*
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1.中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,中国科学院污染生态与环境工程重点实验室,沈阳,110016；2. 内蒙古科技大学 能源与环境学院,内蒙古 包头,014000； 3. 沈阳建筑大学 市政与环境工程学院,沈阳,110168
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| 摘要: |
| 硒(Selenium, Se)是人类必不可少的微量元素，摄入富硒农产品是有效补充人体所需Se的最佳方式。为了促进富硒作物规模化生产和品质提升，该研究以谷子(Setaria italica, 张杂谷-10号)为研究对象，在拔节期和灌浆期叶面喷施不同浓度的商品化硒肥，测定谷子硒含量和产量，分析和阐述植株元素间的相互作用关系。结果表明：（1）外源叶面喷施硒肥可以显著提高籽粒中的Se含量和谷子产量。（2）在灌浆期按照30.75 g·hm-2(以Se记)叶面喷施1次，相比较对照可使籽粒Se含量提升3.7倍，满足富硒农产品标准。（3）谷子穗重和出米率分别显著提高11.31%和17.34%。（4）叶面施硒显著改变了植株叶片、茎秆、叶鞘及籽粒中的元素含量和相互关系，元素间正相关作用比例显著增加。（5）钙和硫离子随硒肥浓度的增加呈现下降趋势，而铁、铜及锌离子呈现出低浓度促进，高浓度抑制现象。叶片和籽粒中硫离子含量的降低可能与Se含量升高密切相关，二者在植物体内运输和代谢途径中存在竞争关系。综上表明，该研究所用硒肥可有效提高谷子Se含量和产量，生产过程中应适当增加土壤硫肥来补充籽粒中降低的硫元素。该研究结果为富硒肥料配比的完善，富硒谷子的生产及营养调控提供了实际支撑。 |
| 关键词: 叶施，硒肥，谷子，富硒谷子，元素关系 |
| DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202407013 |
| 分类号:Q945 |
| 基金项目:内蒙古自治区科技创新引导奖励；黑土地保护与利用科技创新工程专项资助(XDA28090308)；中国博士后科学基金第74批面上资助(2023M743700)。 |
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| Response of Setaria italica yield and the relationship between elements to foliar application of selenium |
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XUE Chenyang1, WANG Chenxi1,2, ZHANG Yuchen1,3, ZHANG Si1, DU Yan1, LI Xiaojun1*
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1.Key Laboratory of Pollution Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110016, China; 2. School of Energy and Environment, Inner Mongolia University of Science & Technology, Baotou, 014000, Neimenggu, China; 3. School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang, 110168, China
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| Abstract: |
| Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element for humans, and consuming selenium rich agricultural products is the best way to effectively supplement the Se needed by the human. In order to facilitate the large-scale production and quality improvement of selenium-rich crops, Setaria italica (Zhangzagu-10) was selected as the research object, spraying different concentrations of commercial Se fertilizer on the leaves during the jointing and filling stages, measuring Se content and yield of S. italica, and analyzing and elucidating the interaction between plant elements. The results were as follows：(1) Exogenous foliar application of Se fertilizer can significantly increase the Se content in grains and millet yield. (2) Spraying 30.75 g·hm-2 (measured as Se) on the leaves once during the grain filling period can increase the Se content of the seeds by 3.7 times compared to the control, meeting the standards for Se rich agricultural products. (3) The ear weight and milling ratio of millet significantly increased by 11.31 % and 17.34 %, respectively. (4) Foliar application of Se significantly altered the element content and interrelationships in plant leaves, stems, leaf sheaths, and grains, with a significant increase in the proportion of positive correlations between elements. (5) Calcium and sulfur ions show a decreasing trend with the increase of Se fertilizer concentration, while iron, copper, and zinc ions exhibit a low concentration promoting and high concentration inhibiting phenomenon. The decrease in sulfur ion content in leaves and grains may be closely related to the increase in Se content, and the two compete in transportation and metabolic pathways within the plant. In conclusion, the Se fertilizer used in this study can effectively increase the Se content and yield of S. italica. During the production process, soil sulfur fertilizer should be appropriately increased to supplement the reduced sulfur element in the grains. The results of this study provide practical support for the improvement of selenium-enriched fertilizer ratio, the production and nutrition regulation of selenium-enriched S. italica. |
| Key words: foliar spraying,selenium fertilizer,millet,selenium-enriched millet,elemental relationship |
