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| 铝胁迫对穿心莲抗氧化能力和碳氮代谢的影响 |
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钟 楚1,2,3*,简少芬1,2,3,黄燕芬1,2,3
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1.广西壮族自治区药用植物园/广西药用资源保护与遗传改良重点实验室,南宁 530023； 2. 广西壮族自治区药用植物园/国家中医药传承创新中心,南宁 530023；3. 广西壮族自治区药用植物园/广西中药资源智慧创制工程研究中心,南宁 530023
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| 摘要: |
| 铝胁迫是制约酸性土壤中植物生长的主要非生物胁迫之一，穿心莲是一种南药大宗药材，主要分布于广西和广东的南部酸性土壤地区，铝胁迫对穿心莲生长和代谢的影响尚未见报道。该文以药用植物穿心莲（Andrographis paniculata）为材料，采用无土栽培试验，设置不同Al3+浓度（0、10、20、50、100 mmol·L-1），探讨了铝胁迫对其抗氧化能力和碳氮代谢的影响。结果表明：（1）随着Al3+浓度增加，穿心莲H2O2和丙二醛（malondialdehyde，MDA）含量以及过氧化氢酶（catalase，CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase，SOD）活性增加，50 mmol·L-1 Al3+处理7 d显著抑制了植株生长；（2）可溶性蛋白质含量随Al3+浓度增加而逐渐下降，50 mmol·L-1 Al3+处理的总氮含量显著下降，而NH4+含量显著增加；铝胁迫提高了谷氨酰胺合成酶（glutamine synthase，GS）活性而显著降低了谷氨酸合成酶（glutamate synthase，GOGAT）、谷氨酸脱氢酶（glutamate dehydrogenase，GDH）、谷草转氨酶（glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase，GOT）和谷丙转氨酶（glutamic-pyruvic transaminase，GPT）活性；（3）铝胁迫降低了游离氨基酸的积累，其中天冬氨酸、谷氨酸、丝氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸、精氨酸、苏氨酸和脯氨酸含量显著下降，蛋氨酸、胱氨酸、缬氨酸、异亮氨酸、亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸含量则上升；（4）铝胁迫降低了穿心莲光合作用，增加了其非气孔限制，并减少了苹果酸和柠檬酸的积累。综上表明，穿心莲对铝胁迫较为敏感，铝胁迫造成穿心莲氮同化和氨基酸代谢紊乱，光合能力下降而有机酸积累减少，加重氧化胁迫。该研究结果为穿心莲耐铝毒害评价，以及通过外源物质纠正穿心莲碳氮代谢以提高其耐铝性具有理论指导作用。 |
| 关键词: 铝胁迫，碳氮代谢，穿心莲，游离氨基酸，光合作用 |
| DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202411003 |
| 分类号:Q945.78 |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金（82360752；82260744）；广西自然科学基金（2022GXNSFAA035542）；广西药用资源保护与遗传改良重点实验室自主课题（KL2020ZZ03；KL2020ZZ05） |
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| Effects of aluminum stress on antioxidative capacity and carbon and nitrogen metabolism in Andrographis paniculata |
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ZHONG Chu1,2,3*, JIAN Shao-fen1,2,3, HUANG Yan-fen1,2,3
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1. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resource Protection and Genetic Improvement, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; 2. National Center for TCM Inheritance and Innovation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China; 3. Guangxi Engineering Research Centre of TCM Intelligent Creation, Guangxi Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Nanning 530023, China
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| Abstract: |
| Aluminum (Al) stress is one of the main abiotic stresses that restrict plant growth in acidic soils. Chuanxinlian is a major medicinal herb in southern China, which is mainly distributed in the acidic soil areas of southern Guangxi and Guangdong. However, the effects of Al stress on the growth and metabolism of plant Andrographis paniculata (Chuanxinlian) have not yet been studied to date. Using the medicinal plant A. paniculata as experimental material, a soilless cultivation experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of Al stress on its antioxidative capacity and carbon and nitrogen metabolism under different Al3+ concentrations (e.g. 0, 10, 20, 50, and 100 mmol·L-1). The results were as follows: (1) With the increase of Al3+ concentration, the contents of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were increased. Treatment with 50 mmol·L-1 Al3+ for 7 days significantly inhibited plant growth. (2) The soluble protein content decreased gradually with the increase of Al3+ concentration. The total nitrogen content was significantly decreased but the NH4+ content was significantly increased in 50 mmol·L-1 Al3+. Al stress remarkably increased the glutamine synthase (GS) activity but significantly decreased the activities of glutamate synthase (GOGAT), glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH), glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) and glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT). (3) Al stress remarkably decreased the accumulation of free amino acids. The contents of aspartate, glutamate, serine, glycine, histidine, arginine, threonine, and proline were significantly reduced by Al stress. In contrast, the contents of methionine, cysteine, valine, isoleucine, leucine, and phenylalanine were remarkably increased under Al stress. (4) Al stress reduced photosynthesis, increased its non-stomatal limitation, and reduced the accumulation of malate and citrate in A. paniculata. Taken together, the results indicated that A. paniculata is sensitive to Al stress, which causes disorders of nitrogen assimilation and amino acid metabolism, decline of photosynthetic capacity, and decrease in organic acid accumulation, exacerbating oxidative stress in A. paniculata. The findings provide theoretical basis for the evaluation of Al toxicity tolerance and guidance for improving the Al stress tolerance of A. paniculata by correcting carbon and nitrogen metabolism through exogenous application of regulators. Further studies are required to evaluate the effects of nitrogen nutrition on the tolerance of Al stress in A. paniculata and elucidate its mechanism. |
| Key words: aluminum stress, carbon and nitrogen metabolism, Andrographis paniculata, free amino acids, photosynthesis |
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