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| 基于代谢组学的铁皮石斛生物活性物质比较分析 |
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张望舒1,2,4*, 杨立志2, 刘真4, 汪庆昊2,3,4
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1. 浙江大学 生物系统工程与食品科学学院,杭州 310058；2. 浙江大学宁波“五位一体”校区教育发展中心,浙江 宁波,315100；3. 河北大学 生命科学学院,河北 保定 071000；4. 浙大宁波理工学院,浙江 宁波 315100
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| 摘要: |
| 铁皮石斛作为具有显著药用价值的草本植物，其生物活性物质的研究对解析其药用机制及拓展应用极为关键，但目前对其不同组织生物活性物质的系统研究较少。为系统阐明铁皮石斛不同组织间生物活性物质的代谢差异及其分布规律，该研究基于代谢组学技术对其 根、茎、叶中类黄酮、多糖及氨基酸等生物活性物质的组成及分布特征。结果表明：（1）共检测到460种类黄酮化合物，其中黄酮类（35.22%）和黄酮醇（32.61%）为主要组分；多糖代谢物26种，以单糖和二糖为主；氨基酸代谢物56种，有机酸及其衍生物17种。（2）根、茎、叶代谢物组成相似但含量差异显著，例如N-乙酰基葡萄糖、D-纤维二糖和D-半乳糖分别在叶、根和茎中含量最高。（3）主成分分析（PCA）显示，类黄酮、氨基酸和糖代谢在组织间呈现显著多样性，正交偏最小二乘判别分析（OPLS-DA）模型进一步验证了不同组织代谢谱的显著分离（R2Y > 0.5，Q2 > 0.5），表明模型可靠性高。（4）层次聚类分析揭示类黄酮和氨基酸在根、叶中积累较高，而多糖代谢物分布呈现组织特异性，如茎中葡萄糖和D-甘露糖含量显著高于其他组织。该研究首次系统阐明了铁皮石斛不同组织的代谢物差异特征，为解析其生物活性物质合成机制及药用部位筛选提供了科学依据，同时为拓展铁皮石斛在医药保健领域的应用奠定了数据基础。 |
| 关键词: 铁皮石斛，类黄酮，多糖，氨基酸，代谢组学，多元统计分析 |
| DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202411004 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:浙江省科技对口支援和东西部协作项目（2022C04013）；宁波市科技创新2025重大专项（2019B10020）。 |
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| Comparative analysis of bioactive substances in Dendrobium officinale based on metabolomics |
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ZHANG Wangshu1,2,4*, YANG Lizhi2, LIU Zhen4, WANG Qinghao2,3,4
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1. School of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; 2. Ningbo Innovation Center of Zhejiang University, Ningbo315100, Zhejiang, China; 3. College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071000, Hebei, China; 4. Zhejiang University Ningbo Institute of Technology, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
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| Abstract: |
| Dendrobium officinale is a herbaceous plant with significant medicinal value. Research on its bioactive substances is crucial for elucidating its pharmacological mechanisms and broadening its applications. However, systematic studies on bioactive substances across its different tissues remain limited. To comprehensively clarify the metabolic differences and distribution patterns of bioactive substances among various tissues of D. officinale, this study utilized metabolomics technology to investigate the composition and distribution characteristics of key bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, polysaccharides, and amino acids, in its roots, stems, and leaves. The results were as follows: (1) A total of 460 flavonoid compounds were identified, with flavones (35.22%) and flavonols (32.61%) as the predominant components. Additionally, 26 polysaccharide metabolites (primarily monosaccharides and disaccharides), 56 amino acid metabolites, and 17 organic acids and their derivatives were detected. (2) While the metabolite compositions in roots, stems, and leaves were similar, their contents exhibited significant variations. For instance, N-acetylglucosamine, D-cellobiose, and D-galactose reached their highest concentrations in leaves, roots, and stems, respectively. (3) Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed substantial diversity in flavonoids, amino acids, and sugar metabolic pathways among tissues. The orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model further confirmed the distinct separation of metabolic profiles across tissues (R2Y > 0.5, Q2 > 0.5), indicating robust model reliability. (4) Hierarchical cluster analysis highlighted elevated accumulation of flavonoids and amino acids in roots and leaves, whereas polysaccharide metabolites displayed tissue-specific distribution. Notably, glucose and D-mannose levels in stems were significantly higher than in other tissues. This study systematically delineates the differential metabolite characteristics in distinct tissues of D. officinale for the first time, providing a scientific foundation for understanding the synthesis mechanisms of its bioactive compounds and optimizing medicinal part selection. Furthermore, it establishes a critical data framework for advancing the application of D. officinale in medicine and healthcare. |
| Key words: Dendrobium officinale, flavonoids, polysaccharides, amino acids, metabolomics, multivariate statistical analysis |
