极小种群野生植物海南风吹楠种子萌发对高温高湿的响应

樊容源; 杨继生; 王仁杰; 姜 英; 李 娟; 蒋 燚; 黄荣林; 刘雄盛

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极小种群野生植物海南风吹楠种子萌发对高温高湿的响应
樊容源¹, 杨继生², 王仁杰¹, 姜英¹, 李娟¹, 蒋燚¹, 黄荣林¹, 刘雄盛^1*
1. 广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院,广西优良用材林资源培育重点实验室,南宁 530002；2. 广西壮族自治区国有七坡林场,南宁 530034

摘要:

为探究高温高湿(HTH)胁迫下海南风吹楠(Horsfieldia hainanensis Merr.)种子萌发特性和生理生化特征，该文对海南风吹楠种子进行不同高温高湿胁迫时间(0、1、3、5、7 d)处理，5个处理分别为CK、HTH-1、HTH-3、HTH-5、HTH-7，测定种子萌发和幼苗生长指标，并对种子内含物、抗氧化酶活性进行研究。结果表明：(1) 相对于CK，高温高湿胁迫均显著抑制海南风吹楠种子萌发率(GP)、萌发势(GE)萌发指数(GI)和活力指数(VI)，延长种子平均萌发时间(MGT)，CK、HTH-1、HTH-3、HTH-5、HTH-7处理的萌发率分别为63.3%、40.0%、33.3%、21.7%和26.7%；高温高湿显著抑制幼苗株高(PH)、根长(RL)和地径(BD)生长，以及幼苗地上生物量(AB)、地下生物量(UB)和根冠比(RSR)，且以HTH-7为最低。(2) 随胁迫时间增加，淀粉(St)、可溶性糖(SS)、可溶性蛋白(SP)含量和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性较CK处理显著降低，过氧化物酶(POD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸(Pro)含量显著逐渐增加。(3) 相关性分析表明，高温高湿胁迫下海南风吹楠种子萌发参数(GP、GE、GI、VI)和幼苗生长指标(PH、RL、BD、AB、UB、RSR)与SS、SP以及SOD呈正相关，与POD、MDA以及Pro呈负相关。综上所述，随胁迫时间延长，海南风吹楠种子内含物质分解、渗透调节物质含量增加、膜脂过氧化加剧并提高抗氧化酶活性，海南风吹楠种子活力与幼苗生长均受到抑制，这为海南风吹楠种质资源保护及选择野外回归环境提供理论依据。

关键词: 海南风吹楠，高温高湿，种子萌发，抗氧化酶，内含物质，渗透调节物质

DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202411051

分类号:

基金项目:国家自然科学“濒危植物海南风吹楠种群重建与自然回归研究”(32001229)资助。

Response of seed germination to high temperature and humidity of extremely small population of wild plant Horsfieldia hainanensis

FAN Rongyuan¹, YANG Jisheng², WANG Renjie¹, JIANG Ying¹, LI Juan¹, JIANG Yi¹, HUANG Ronglin¹, LIU Xiongsheng^1*

1. Guangxi Forestry Research Institute, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Trees Resource Cultivation, Nanning 530002, China；2. Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region State-Owned Qipo Forest Farm, Nanning 530034, China

Abstract:

In order to investigate the seed germination characteristics and physiological and biochemical characteristics of Horsfieldia hainanensis seeds under high temperature and high humidity stress，in this paper，the seeds of H. hainanensis were used as the research object，the seeds of H. hainanensis were treated with different high temperature and high humidity stress times (0，1，3，5，7 d). Then the indexes of seed germination and seedling growth were measured，and the substance and antioxidant enzyme activities of seeds were studied. The results were as follows：(1) Compared with CK，high temperature and high humidity stress significantly inhibited seed germination percentage (GP)，germination energy (GE)，germination index (GI) and vitality index (VI)，and prolonged the mean germination time (MGT) of seeds. The cumulative germination rates of CK，HTH-1，HTH-3，HTH-5 and HTH-7 treatments were 63.3%，40.0%，33.3%，21.7% and 26.7%，respectively. High temperature and high humidity significantly inhibited plant height (PH)，root length (RL) and basal diameter (BD) growth，abovegroud biomass (AB)，underground biomass(UB) and root-shoot ratio(RSR) of seedlings，and HTH-7 was the lowest. (2) With the increase of stress time，the contents of starch (St)，soluble sugar (SS)，soluble protein(SP) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were significantly decreased compared with CK treatment，while the contents of peroxidase (POD) activity，malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline (Pro) were significantly increased，implying heightened oxidative stress and membrane lipid peroxidation, as well as an upregulated osmotic adjustment mechanism in response to stress. (3) Correlation analysis showed that seed germination parameters (GP，GE，GI，VI) and seedling growth indexes (PH，RL，BD，AB，UB，RSR) were positively correlated with SS，SP and SOD，and negatively correlated with POD，MDA and Pro under high temperature and humidity stress，indicating that oxidative damage and osmotic stress play crucial roles in limiting seed vigor and seedling establishment. In conclusion，with the prolongation of stress time，the decomposition of seed substance，the content of osmoregulatory substances，the membrane lipid peroxidation and the activity of antioxidant enzymes are increased, and the seed vitality and seedling growth are inhibited, which provides a theoretical basis for the protection of H. hainanensis germplasm resources and the selection of wilderness return environments return environment.

Key words: Horsfieldia hainanensis,high temperature and humidity,seed germination,antioxidant enzyme,substance,osmotic adjustment