濒危植物小勾儿茶及其变种毛柄小勾儿茶的种群结构与动态特征

庞江豪<sup>1; 2</sup>; 王业清<sup>3</sup>; 唐云龙<sup>4</sup>; 张 东<sup>1</sup>; 吴 浩<sup>1; 2</sup>; 魏新增<sup>1; 2*</sup>; 江明喜<sup>1; 2</sup>

引用本文:	庞江豪, 王业清, 唐云龙, 张东, 吴浩, 魏新增, 江明喜.濒危植物小勾儿茶及其变种毛柄小勾儿茶的种群结构与动态特征[J].广西植物,2025,45(1):95-107.[点击复制]
	PANG Jianghao, WANG Yeqing, TANG Yunlong, ZHANG Dong, WU Hao, WEI Xinzeng, JIANG Mingxi.Population structure and dynamic characteristics of endangered plant species(Berchemiella wilsonii)and its variety Berchemiella wilsonii var. pubipetiolata[J].Guihaia,2025,45(1):95-107.[点击复制]

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濒危植物小勾儿茶及其变种毛柄小勾儿茶的种群结构与动态特征
庞江豪^1,2, 王业清³, 唐云龙⁴, 张东¹, 吴浩^1,2, 魏新增^1,2*, 江明喜^1,2
1. 中国科学院水生植物与流域生态重点实验室, 中国科学院武汉植物园, 武汉 430074;2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;3. 湖北五峰后河国家级自然保护区管理局, 湖北五峰 443400;4. 安徽省绩溪清凉峰自然保护区管理站, 安徽宣城 245300

摘要:

为探究濒危植物小勾儿茶(Berchemiella wilsonii)及变种毛柄小勾儿茶(B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata)的种群结构及其动态特征,该研究以湖北、安徽、浙江现存有记录的小勾儿茶和毛柄小勾儿茶野生种群为研究对象,基于种群生态学调查绘制种群结构图,建立静态生命表,拟合存活曲线,分析种群生存力,计算种群动态变化指数,并进行时间序列预测分析。结果表明:(1)小勾儿茶种群结构为幼龄个体占比较高的金字塔型,但其幼体在成长过程中损耗较大,成体较少; 毛柄小勾儿茶种群幼龄级个体缺乏,中龄级个体较多,成龄个体稀少,呈纺锤型结构。(2)模型检验发现,两个物种的存活曲线均趋近于Deevey-Ⅲ型,表明二者在幼龄级的死亡率较高且在Ⅵ龄级均达到峰值。(3)小勾儿茶种群的生存率和累积死亡率在Ⅱ龄级达到平衡,毛柄小勾儿茶则在Ⅵ龄级达到平衡,表明小勾儿茶更早进入衰退期。(4)种群动态指数显示,二者都属于易受外界干扰的增长型种群,对干扰具有较高的敏感性。(5)时间序列预测显示,在经历2个、4个、6个和8个龄级后, 小勾儿茶种群的个体数在每个龄级中均有不同程度的增加,而毛柄小勾儿茶种群幼龄级个体缺乏,中龄级个体减少,成龄级个体增加,种群面临衰退。综上认为,对于二者应采取不同的保护对策,小勾儿茶种群幼苗死亡率高,应进行适当疏林提高光照促进幼苗存活,同时减少人为干扰; 毛柄小勾儿茶幼龄级个体严重缺失,应加强人工繁育技术的研究,及时补充幼苗回归保育,避免种群衰退和实现物种多样性资源的保护利用。

关键词: 小勾儿茶, 毛柄小勾儿茶, 种群结构, 静态生命表, 存活曲线, 动态指数, 时间序列预测

DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202406025

分类号:Q948

文章编号:1000-3142(2025)01-0095-13

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(32371653,32001225); 湖北五峰后河国家级自然保护区2023年中央林业草原生态保护恢复资金国家重点野生动植物保护补助项目(YCZ1960-202301-02F)。

Population structure and dynamic characteristics of endangered plant species(Berchemiella wilsonii)and its variety Berchemiella wilsonii var. pubipetiolata

PANG Jianghao^1,2, WANG Yeqing³, TANG Yunlong⁴, ZHANG Dong¹, WU Hao^1,2, WEI Xinzeng^1,2*, JIANG Mingxi^1,2

1. Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China;2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;3. Hubei Wufeng Houhe National Nature Reserve Administration, Wufeng 443400, Hubei, China;4. Jixi Management Station of Anhui Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve, Xuancheng 245300, Anhui, China 1. Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430074, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3. Hubei Wufeng Houhe National Nature Reserve Administration, Wufeng 443400, Hubei, China; 4. Jixi Management Station of Anhui Qingliangfeng National Nature Reserve, Xuancheng 245300, Anhui, China

Abstract:

In order to explore the population structure and dynamic characteristics of rare and endangered species, we conducted field investigations of an endangered plant species(Berchemiella wilsonii)and its variety(B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata)across their entire distribution ranges in China, including Hubei, Anhui, and Zhejiang provinces. We drew the population structure diagrams and designed the static life tables. Subsequently, we fitted and plotted survival curves for survival analysis, calculated population dynamic index and used time series model to predict the population development trends. The results were as follows:(1)The age class structure of B. wilsonii was irregular pyramid mold and that of B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata was a spindle-shaped structure.(2)The survival curves of the two species tended to be the Deevey-Ⅲ type, indicating the high mortality rate at the juvenile stage. For both species, the mortality rate reached the peak at the age class Ⅵ.(3)The survival rate and cumulative mortality rate showed that B. wilsonii entered the declining stage earlier than B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata.(4)The dynamic index suggested that populations of these two species are increasing, but they are sensitive to external disturbance.(5)Time series prediction indicated that the number of individuals at each age class of B. wilsonii will increase with uneven degrees after the next 2, 4, 6 and 8 age classes. However, the number of young-, middle-, and mature-aged individuals of B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata will disappear, decrease and increase in the future, respectively. Therefore, we should adopt different conservation strategies for the two species. For B. wilsonii, appropriate forest thinning should be carried out to improve light conditions, and human disturbance should be reduced to promote the seedling survival. For B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata, it is necessary to strengthen research on artificial propagation technology and supplement the seedlings timely in the wild to alleviate population decline.

Key words: Berchemiella wilsonii, B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata, population structure, static life table, survival curve, dynamic index, time series prediction