湖南江华瑶族药浴植物的民族植物学研究

方 琼<sup>1; 2</sup>; 胡仁传<sup>3</sup>; 程 卓<sup>1; 2</sup>; 罗斌圣<sup>1; 2</sup>; 江 霞<sup>1; 2</sup>; 龙春林<sup>1; 2*</sup>

引用本文:	方琼, 胡仁传, 程卓, 罗斌圣, 江霞, 龙春林.湖南江华瑶族药浴植物的民族植物学研究[J].广西植物,2021,41(11):1810-1826.[点击复制]
	FANG Qiong, HU Renchuan, CHENG Zhuo, LUO Binsheng, JIANG Xia, LONG Chunlin.Ethnobotanical study on plants for medicinal bath among the Yao ethnic group in Jianghua, Hunan[J].Guihaia,2021,41(11):1810-1826.[点击复制]

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湖南江华瑶族药浴植物的民族植物学研究
方琼^1,2, 胡仁传³, 程卓^1,2, 罗斌圣^1,2, 江霞^1,2, 龙春林^1,2*
1. 中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院, 北京 100081;2. 中央民族大学民族医药教育部重点实验室, 北京 100081;3. 广西中医药研究院广西中药质量标准研究重点实验室, 南宁 530022

摘要:

瑶族民间药浴历史悠久,是重要的疾病预防和治疗手段,是我国重要的非物质文化遗产。江华瑶族自治县药浴植物丰富,药浴配伍独具当地特色。该文采用民族植物学研究方法对湖南江华瑶族自治县瑶族传统利用的药浴植物进行了调查,共收集整理了152种药浴植物,隶属于70科125属,记录了其瑶名、学名、入药部位以及功能主治等,并调查记录了部分常用药浴与产后药浴植物配伍。结果表明:(1)江华瑶族药浴植物中草本植物占明显优势,且多为全草入药,主要用于治疗风湿关节炎、跌打损伤、妇科病以及皮肤病等,常用的药浴植物多为祛风除湿的“风药”。(2)通过实地调查和访问调查发现,珍贵药浴植物种群规模因过度采挖和生境破坏而减小。(3)对比了广西、云南、湖南等地瑶族药浴植物的异同,探讨其背后的相关性和原因。作为非物质文化遗产的瑶族药浴面临诸多方面的威胁,其内部科学性仍有待探究,需进一步加强综合研究与合作,为其保护、传承和发扬提供保障。

关键词: 瑶族, 药浴植物, 湖南江华, 民族植物学

DOI：10.11931/guihaia.gxzw202002035

分类号:Q949.9

文章编号:1000-3142(2021)11-1810-17

基金项目:国家自然科学基金(31870316, 31761143001); 建生鲜药创研基金(JSYY-20190101-043); 民族医药教育部重点实验室自主课题(KLEM-ZZ201906); 中国生态环境部生物多样性调查评估项目(2019HJ2096001006 )[Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31870316, 31761143001); Jiansheng Fresh Herb Medicine R & D Foundation(JSYY-20190101-043); Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine(Minzu University of China)of Ministry of Education of China(KLEM-ZZ201906); Biodiversity Survey and Assessment Program from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, China(2019HJ2096001006)]。

Ethnobotanical study on plants for medicinal bath among the Yao ethnic group in Jianghua, Hunan

FANG Qiong^1,2, HU Renchuan³, CHENG Zhuo^1,2, LUO Binsheng^1,2, JIANG Xia^1,2, LONG Chunlin^1,2*

1. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China;2. Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China), Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China;3. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanning 530022, China 1. College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Minzu University of China, Beijing 100081, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine (Minzu University of China)
, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100081, China; 3. Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards, Guangxi Institute of Traditional Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanning 530022, China

Abstract:

As a state intangible cultural heritage of China, the Yao medicinal bath has a long and profound history. It is important for disease control and treatment among the Yao ethnic group. In Jianghua Yao Autonomous County, the herbs used for medicinal bath are abundant and unique. Ethnobotanical surveys of medicinal bath plants used in the Yao ethnic group of Jianghua, Hunan Province were conducted. A total of 152 plant species used for medicinal bath, belonging to 125 genera and 70 families, were recorded. An inventory of the medicinal bath plants was achieved to record the Yao name, scientific name, used part and medicinal functions of the herbs. The most frequently used herbs for normal and postpartum medicinal baths were investigated. The results are as follows:(1)Herbaceous plants take a major component of medicinal bath plants, and for most plants, the whole plant have been used usually. The medicinal bath is mainly used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, bruise, skin diseases and gynecological diseases among the Yao ethnic group in Jianghua. The most frequently used medicinal plants, belonging to the “Feng medicine”, are adopted for dispelling wind and eliminating dampness.(2)From the filed survey and analysis, we have found that the rare and endangered plants are decreasing rapidly due to over-harvest and habitat loss.(3)Comparisons between the plants used for medicinal bath by the Yao people in Guangxi, Yunnan and Hunan were made for comparing the differences and similarities, and discovering their relationship. The Yao medicinal bath is facing many threats at present. It is necessary and urgent to conduct researches to explore the internal scientificity of the Yao medicinal bath, and strengthen the collaboration among scientific institutions, enterprises, governments and grassroots to provide protection for its inheritance and development.

Key words: Yao ethnic group, medicinal bath plants, Jianghua of Hunan, ethnobotany