Page 27 - 《广西植物》2025年第2期
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2 期              宋利沙等: 广西莪术叶枯病病原菌鉴定、生物学特性及室内药剂筛选                                            2 2 9

                 Abstract: In order to identify the pathogen causing leaf blight of Curcuma kwangsiensis in Qinzhou Cityꎬ Guangxiꎬ and
                 to explore its biological characteristics and to screen out effective reagents. In this studyꎬ pathogens were isolated from
                 infected leaves by conventional tissue separation methodꎬ pathogenicity was determined based on Koch’s ruleꎬ and their
                 classification status was determined by morphological characteristics of the pathogen combined with the analysis ITS and
                 TUB gene sequences. At the same timeꎬ biological characteristics of the pathogen and sensitivities of four reagents were
                 studied by mycelium growth rate measurement method. The results were as follows: (1) Diaporthe phaseolorum was
                 identified as the pathogen causing leaf blight of Curcuma kwangsiensis in Guangxi based on the characteristics of
                 pathogen colonyꎬ spore morphological characteristics and multi ̄gene phylogenetic analysis. ( 2) The most suitable
                 medium for growth of the pathogen was PDAꎬ and the best carbon and nitrogen sources were glucose and peptoneꎬ
                 respectively. The temperature between 25 ℃ and 28 ℃ was favorable for mycelium growthꎬ and the lethal temperature
                 was 56 ℃. pH 5-7 was favorable for mycelial growth. Full light was favorable for mycelial growth. (3) The results of the
                 virulence test showed that all the four fungicides tested showed strong inhibitory activity against C. kwangsiensis leaf
                                            ̄1
                 blight. Among themꎬ and 250 gL pyraclostrobin EC and 75% oximmepentazolol WG showed the best inhibitory
                                                 ̄1                 ̄1
                 effectꎬ with EC values of 0.055 0 μgL and 0.121 6 μgmL ꎬ respectively. In conclusionꎬ the pathogen of leaf
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                 blight of C. kwangsiensis belongs to Diaporthe phaseolorum. The mycelial growth of D. phaseolorum is significantly
                                                                                    ̄1
                 affected by temperatureꎬ lightꎬ pHꎬ carbon and nitrogen source conditionsꎬ and 250 gL pyraclostrobin EC and 75%
                 oximmepentazolol WG can be used as candidate reagents to control leaf blight. The results provide theoretical guidance
                 for effective prevention and control of leaf blight of C. kwangsiensis in Guangxi.
                 Key words: Curcuma kwangsiensisꎬ leaf blightꎬ pathogen identificationꎬ biological characteristicsꎬ reagent screening




                  广 西 莪 术 ( Curcuma kwangsiensis )ꎬ 为 姜 科      面积枯黄ꎬ后期整株萎蔫枯死ꎬ严重影响广西莪术
            (Zingberaceae)ꎬ姜黄属(Curauma L.)植物ꎬ又称“毛              的栽培生产ꎮ 关于广西莪术病害的研究较少ꎬ仅
            莪术”或“桂莪术”ꎬ与蓬莪术(C. phaeocaulis)、温郁                  见蒋 妮 等 ( 2016) 报 道 茎 点 霉 属 真 菌 Phomopsis
            金 (C. wenyujin)同为中药材莪术的基源植物(中国                     sp.引起广西隆安县栽培种植的广西莪术叶斑病ꎬ
            科学院中国植物志编辑委员会ꎬ1981ꎻ国家药典委员                          与其症状相似但是不同ꎬ在田间容易混淆ꎬ叶斑病
            会ꎬ2020)ꎮ 中药材莪术为历版«中国药典» 收载品                        形成边缘褐色、中间暗褐色并凹陷的“ V” 形大病
            种ꎬ是广西“桂十味”道地药材ꎬ具有行气破血、消积                           斑ꎬ病斑上可见黑色小颗粒( 分生孢子器)ꎻ王晗怡
            止痛、清心凉血等功效ꎬ现代研究表明莪术中含有                             (2023)报道由间座壳属真菌引起广西莪术叶枯病
            挥发油类和姜黄素类活性化学成分ꎬ这两类成分都                             病原菌发病症状与蒋妮等(2016) 报道的相似ꎬ但
            具有抗肿瘤、抗凝血、抗血小板聚集等功效(李泽宇                            其对 该 病 原 菌 形 态 和 分 子 鉴 定 结 果 与 蒋 妮 等

            等ꎬ2021)ꎮ 随着莪术药用功效的不断挖掘和开发ꎬ                         (2016)报道的不是同一种病原菌ꎮ 此外ꎬ还有少
            药材需求量不断增加ꎬ广西莪术种植面积也随之在                             量研究 姜 黄 属 植 物 叶 部 病 害 的 报 道ꎬ 如 李 珊 珊
            逐年扩大ꎬ由 2022 年的2 333 hm 扩大至 2023 年的                 (2021) 报 道 由 拟 盘 多 毛 孢 属 Neopestalotiopsis
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            3 333 hm ꎬ主要分布在钦州市灵山县、玉林市博白                        asiatica 真菌可引起蓬莪术叶枯病ꎬ并对该病原菌
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            县、贺州市八步区、南宁市隆安县等多个市县ꎬ其中                            进行了生物学特性和室内药剂筛选的研究ꎻ冯阿
            钦州市灵山县是广西莪术道地核心产区ꎬ占全广西                             芳(2012)和马瑞(2018) 对温郁金叶部病害进行

            种植面积的 40%ꎮ                                         研 究ꎬ 结 果 发 现 由 辣 椒 炭 疽 菌 ( Colletotrichum
                 叶部病害是影响广西莪术生长过程中的一类                           urcumaei)和郁金炭疽菌(C. curcumae) 引起温郁金
            重要病害ꎬ2022—2023 年广西灵山县陆屋镇叶枯                         的叶斑病ꎬ而张兴国等(2005) 仅描述了温郁金炭
            病较为严重ꎬ发病率为 30% ~ 50%ꎬ严重发生的地                        疽病的发病症状和化学防治ꎬ没有做详细的研究ꎮ
            块发病率高达 80%ꎮ 病害田间症状多表现为早期                           蓬莪术、温郁金病原菌的鉴定均采用了目前常用
            在叶尖、叶缘或叶中处出现黄色斑点ꎬ随着病原菌                             的形态鉴定结合构建分子系统发育树的方法( 多
            的不断侵染ꎬ病斑逐渐向叶中脉扩展ꎬ引起叶片大                             个序列)ꎬ但目前广西莪术仅通过 ITS 测序ꎬ鉴定
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