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  • GUIHAIA
  • 2025, Vol.45, No.1
  • Publication date：2025-01-25
【Recommended article】LUO Maofang et al. Under the leadership of the Chinese presidency, the second part of the 15th Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity(CBD)adopted 62 decisions, in particular Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework(KM-GBF), which is based on the theory of transformative changes. KM-GBF, its achievements, gaps, and lessons learned, and the experience and achievements of other relevant multilateral environmental agreements, sets out an ambitious plan to implement broad-based action to bring about a transformation in our societies' relationship with biodiversity by 2030, and draws a new blueprint for global biodiversity governance. This paper provides an interpretation of the three core targets of the framework — the “3030 target” for protected areas, resource mobilisation, and digital sequence information of genetic resources, a brief introduction to the relevant decisions to ensure the implementation of the framework, and recommendations for future conservation actions in China:(1)To strengthen the mainstreaming of biodiversity conservation. Revision of China's Biodiversity Conservation Strategy and Action Plan(2011-2030)is an opportunity to involve the whole government and society in the process and to take action to promote the goals and targets of the KM-GBF;(2)To further develop detailed conservation plans, clarify the scopes, purposes and management measures of conservation areas, and implement responsible authorities and specific measures for implementing the plans. Researches on the Other Effective area-based Conservation Measures(OECMs)are needed to incorporate into the management system for biodiversity conservation;(3)To develop an operational indicator system and monitoring plan in accordance with the monitoring requirements of the framework targets;(4)To continue to strengthen awareness and education on biodiversity conservation, raise public awareness and attention to biodiversity conservation, and promote sustainable production and sustainable consumption in society as a whole;(5)To promote international cooperation vigorously to explore and promote Nature-based Solutions on a larger scale, and find pathways for economic and social development that have positive and beneficial effects on nature.

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Current Issue 2025,Vol.45,No.1

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    • 2025,No.1 PDF(whole issue)
      2025,45(1)    [Abstract](805)    [PDF](106)
    • 2025,No.1 Cover
      2025,45(1)    [Abstract](710)    [PDF](284)
    • 2025,No.1 Contents
      2025,45(1)    [Abstract](722)    [PDF](197)
      • 专刊：珍稀濒危植物保护与可持续研究
    • CHEN Ni1,2, PENG Lihui1 , JIANG Haidu1, YANG Zhe1,2, JIANG Qiang3, QIU Shuo1, XIONG Zhongchen1, WEI Xiao1, CHAI Shengfeng1*
      Comparative study on the photosynthetic properties of four rare and endangered Dendrobium species
      This study was carried out to determine the daily change of net photosynthetic rate(Pn), light response curve, CO2 response curve, leaf chlorophyll content and leaf microstructure of four Dendrobium species, including D. scoriarum, D. lituiflorum, D. lohohense, and D. aduncum. The purpose of this investigation was to learn more about the photosynthetic characteristics of Dendrobium species. The results were as follows:(1)Dendrobium scoriarum and D. aduncum had positive Pn during the daytime, with the maximum peak at 8:00—10:00 a.m., and the nighttime Pn was lower than that during the daytime, and there was positive Pn. Dendrobium lituiflorum and D. lohohense showed a bimodal curve of Pn during the daytime, with positive Pn during the daytime and negative Pn during the nighttime.(2)Among the four species of Dendrobium, D. lituiflorum had the strongest photosynthetic capacity, while D. lohohense had the widest light adaptation range.(3)The initial carboxylation efficiency(α), potential maximum net photosynthetic rate(Amax)and photorespiration rate(Rp)of D. lituiflorum were significantly(P<0.05)greater than those of the other three Dendrobium species.(4)The leaf thickness(LT)of D. aduncum and D. scoriarum were greater than those of D. lituiflorum and D. lohohense, while stomatal density(SD)showed an opposite trend.(5)The total chlorophyll content(Chl), chlorophyll a(Chla), and chlorophyll b(Chlb)of D. lituiflorum were significantly(P<0.05)higher than those of the other three Dendrobium species. (6)The mesophyll thickness(MT)was significantly(P<0.05)negatively correlated with maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pmax); SD was highly significant(P<0.01)positively correlated with Pmax, and significantly(P<0.05)positively correlated with potential maximum net photosynthetic rate(Amax); total chlorophyll content(Chl)was significantly(P<0.05)positively correlated with Pmax and Amax. In conclusion, the four Dendrobium species may respond to low light levels, being affixed to tree trunks, or growing in stony, water-deficient settings by developing larger leaf pulp tissue and low stomatal density. The four Dendrobium species' total chlorophyll concentration, stomatal density, and leaf pulp thickness are significant determinants of their photosynthetic potential. For the four Dendrobium species to flourish during introduction and cultivation, it is helpful to establish a proper light environment and raise the CO2 content adequately. The findings of this research can serve as a reference for the introduction and the preservation of genetic resources.
      2025,45(1):1-14    [Abstract](868)    [PDF](275)
    • WANG Qigang1, CAO Shirui1,2, WANG Huichun1, MA Changle2, YAN Huijun1, QIU Xianqin1, JING Weikun1, JIAN Hongying1*
      Chloroplast genome features and intraspecific variation of Rosa praelucens
      Rosa praelucens is a critically endangered alpine wild flower endemic to Shangri-La City of Yunnan Province. Rich in phenotypic diversity and with a high ploidy level of decaploid, R. praelucens is a very important rose germplasm resource. In order to clarify the genetic background of its phenotypic variation, the chloroplast genomes of 40 R. praelucens individual plants representing different phenotypes within the species were sequenced by using the Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform, and then assembled, annotated, compared and analyzed. The results were as follows:(1)Chloroplast genomes of R. praelucens were 157 173 - 157 261 bp in length, with a size difference of 88 bp among different individual plants. The genomes encoded 132 function genes, mainly related with photosynthesis and self-replication. A total of 27 155 codons, preferring using codon ending of A or U, were found in all the coding sequences.(2)A total of 36 repeats and 73 simple sequence repeats(SSRs)were detected in the chloroplast genome of R. praelucens. Most of the SSRs were mononucleotide type and located in the intergenic region of large single scale(LSC).(3)The haplotype diversity among the 40 chloroplast genomes was 0.928±0.027, and the nucleotide polymorphism(Pi)was 0.000 12. The intergenic region of petN-trnD and psaA-ycf3, gene rps16 and ycf1 were relatively more divergent. No reverse or loss of large DNA fragments and genes were found among the chloroplast genomes of different individuals. These results indicate that the chloroplast genomes are highly conserved in size, sequence and structure within R. praelucens. The rich intraspecific phenotypic diversity is not caused by the variation of chloroplast genomes among different individual plants.
      2025,45(1):15-30    [Abstract](766)    [PDF](261)
    • XIANG Xiaoyan1, RUAN Sirui1, ZHANG Ying2, ZHAO Feifei2, XU Weifang2*
      Community characteristics and functional diversity of the rhizosphere microorganism and endophyte from Pinus dabeshanensis
      Pinus dabeshanensis is an endangered plant. In order to explore the community characteristics and functional diversity of plant-associated microbes, the compositions of rhizosphere microbiota and root endophyte from P. dabeshanensis were analyzed based on the high-throughput sequencing technology. And the functions of bacterial and fungal communities were predicted by using PICRUSt and FUNGuild software, respectively. The results were as follows:(1)The rhizosphere soil samples exhibited higher operational taxonomic units(OTUs)and α-diversity indices than those of the root endophyte.(2)Rhizosphere microbiota were mainly composed of microflora such as Firmicutes(genus: Listeria), Proteobacteria(genus: Acetobacter), Ascomycetes(genus: Fusarium and Chaetomium)and so on, while root endophyte were mainly composed of Firmicutes(genus: Lactobacillus and Bacillus), Ascomycetes(genus: Cladosporium), and Basidiomycetes(genus: Pleurotus and Chaetomium).(3)The functional annotation results showed that the rhizosphere microbial community was prominent in cell mobility, environmental adaptability, and amino acid metabolism, etc., while the root endophyte community was prominent in enzyme family, digestive system, and energy metabolism, etc. Both rhizosphere fungal community and root endophytes contain symbiotic, saprophytic, pathophytic and cross-trophic fungal groups, and ectomycorrhiza were more abundant in root tissue. Collectively, there were differences in flora richness, community structure and functional diversity between rhizosphere microorganism and root endophyte of P. dabeshanensis. The study contributed to knowledge of the structure and function of rhizosphere microorganism and endophyte of P. dabeshanensis, and it provided a theoretical basis for the later development of potential microbial agents for use in promoting plant growth and controlling plant diseases.
      2025,45(1):31-43    [Abstract](855)    [PDF](227)
    • ZHANG Cheng1, RAO Wenhui1, JIANG Zhiguo 2,3, JIN Jiaojiao2,3, YU Huiliang 2,3, DUAN Xiaojuan1, LI Jian1, CHEN Jianbing1, WANG Meina1*
      Diversity of Orchidaceae plants in Shennongjia National Park
      This study systematically investigated and analyzed the orchids(Orchidaceae plants)resources in Shennongjia National Park, aiming to provide a robust scientific foundation for the conservation and sustainable utilization of orchids biodiversity in the region. Through comprehensive field surveys, collection and sorting of relevant literature, the species diversity, floristic characteristics, and endangered status of orchids in the area were assessed. The results were as follows:(1)The region hosted a highly diverse orchid flora, encompassing 42 genera and 111 species, including eight newly recorded species, four of which were new records for Hubei Province.(2)The floristic composition of orchids in the region exhibited transitional characteristics, incorporating both tropical and temperate elements. The unique geographic and climatic conditions of the region provided ideal habitats for diversity of orchids, further reinforcing its significance as a biodiversity hotspot.(3)Numerous rare and endangered orchid species were identified, with 27 species listed as nationally protected plants and 32 species under varying degrees of threat. These findings emphasize the urgency and necessity of implementing targeted conservation measures to safeguard orchids biodiversity in Shennongjia National Park. This research not only underscores the ecological importance of the region but also provides a scientific basis for developing biodiversity conservation policies, and serve as a critical reference for the formulation of sustainable management strategies, ensuring the long-term preservation of the rich orchids diversity in this ecologically significant region.
      2025,45(1):44-57    [Abstract](866)    [PDF](210)
    • LIAO Xiaotong1, ZHANG Taimin1, LI Weijin1, LI Danfeng1, YANG Yong2, CHEN Guangcheng1, ZHANG Ying1*
      Characteristics of chloroplast genome and response ofpsbB gene of Dolichandrone spathacea under cold stress
      Low temperature is an important obstacle to the ecological restoration of endangered mangrove plant Dolichandrone spathacea. Plant chloroplasts and their coding genes closely respond to cold stress. Analyzing chloroplast genome characteristics and understanding the molecular response patterns of psbB genes under cold stress can help protect and restore this species. To reveal the chloroplast genome information, this study sequenced the total DNA of D. spathacea using the Illumina NovaSeq sequencing platform, and then annotated and functionally analyzed the assembled chloroplast genome. In the meantime, the changes of psbB gene in D. spathacea seedlings under different temperatures were investigated, and physiological parameters such as total chlorophyll, malondialdehyde, proline, total phenols, soluble protein, and soluble sugar were detected in this study. Further the expression value of psbB gene was detected using fluorescence quantitative PCR experiment. The results were as follows:(1)The chloroplast genome of D. spathacea exhibited a typical tetrad structure with the length of 159 139 bp, and the GC content of 37.9%. It encoded a total of 133 genes, including protein-coding genes(88), tRNA genes(37)and rRNA genes(8).(2)Phylogenetic analysis revealed that D. spathacea did not form a monophyletic group but instead clustered with 8 other Bignoniaceae species, with a support rate of 100%.(3)Under cold stress, the contents of total chlorophyll in the leaves of the D. spathacea seedlings decreased with the decrease of treatment temperature, while the contents of total phenols, malondialdehyde, proline, soluble protein and soluble sugar and relative expression values of psbB gene in the seedling leaves increased with the decrease of treatment temperature. In summary, the chloroplast genome characteristic of D. spathacea is highly conservative in Bignoniaceae family. Under cold stress, the total chlorophyll synthesis of the plant is inhibited, and the synthesis of osmoregulatory substances is affected. At the same time, the psbB gene is involved in molecular regulation under plant cold stress. The above results provide a preliminary basis for molecular assisted breeding to improve the cold resistance of endangered mangrove plants.
      2025,45(1):58-68    [Abstract](811)    [PDF](228)
    • PAN Yuanfang1,2, SU Zhinan1,2, QIU Siting1,2, QIU Guanglong1,2*
      Temporal and spatial pattern and their relationship between the seed bank and sexual reproduction of Halophila beccarii along the coasts of South China
      Halophila beccarii is one of the sea grass species with a global risk of extinction and is listed as a vulnerable(VL)species by the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN). To provide scientific evidence for the conservation, management, and restoration of the threatening seagrass H. beccarii, the temporal and spatial distribution pattern and their relationship between the soil seed bank and the sexual reproduction(male and female flowers density)of H. beccarii along the coasts of South China were studied. The results were as follows:(1)There were significant differences in densities of the male flower and the female flower between the sampling sites, with notably higher densities at Yifengxi and Zhao'an than other sites. And these monitored parameters exhibited marked seasonal fluctuations, with a peak in spring or autumn.(2)The highest soil seed bank density was observed at Huachangwan, followed by Yangpu, while relatively low densities were investigated at other sites. Moreover, soil seed bank densities exhibited considerable heterogeneity and seasonal changes across all sites.(3)Linear regression analysis results revealed a significant negative correlation between soil seed bank density and male flower density(P<0.05), while the correlation with female flower density was not significant(P>0.05).(4)Seasonal change was the primary factor influencing soil seed bank density in H. beccarii based on the results of the structural equation modeling(SEM). The direct effect of seasonal changes on soil seed bank density(0.16)was greater than the indirect effects(0.008). This research is of great significance for a deeper understanding of the establishment, renewal, and reproductive mechanisms of the H. beccarii population.
      2025,45(1):69-79    [Abstract](800)    [PDF](219)
    • LI Lei, DING Jia, TANG Yiyun, YANG Hongyu, FENG Jinchao, SHI Sha*
      Functional traits and environmental adaptive characteristics of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus
      To investigate the adaptive characteristics of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus, a rare and endangered species native to the desert regions of Northwest China, under the context of climate change, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the functional traits of natural A. mongolicus populations in gravelly habitats across Inner Mongolia, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and Gansu Province. Based on self-calibrating Palmer Drought Severity Index( scPDSI ), using regression analysis and one-way ANOVA, we assessed the drought conditions of the study sites and explored the functional traits of A. mongolicus and their adaptive responses to environmental factors. The study employed other methods, including GPS-based measurements of geographic coordinates and altitude, along with assessments of soil moisture, leaf structural traits, physiological and ecological indicators, and growth parameters. The results were as follows:(1)The intraspecific coefficient of variation in A. mongolicus ranged from 7.06% to 39.54%, with considerable variability observed in leaf morphology and structural composition.(2)As the study regions became increasingly humid, significant decreases were observed in leaf dry matter content, leaf thickness, petiole length, petiole dry weight, petiole fresh weight, and transpiration rate(P<0.05), while significant increases were found in leaf fresh weight, leaf length, leaf shape index, and water use efficiency(P<0.05).(3)The leaf functional traits of A. mongolicus were significantly influenced by environmental conditions, with key factors including soil sand content, average annual wind speed, soil clay content, and average annual potential evapotranspiration.(4)The plant trait networks(PTNs)of A. mongolicus exhibited a loosely structured yet locally clustered configuration in sandy habitats, while in gravelly habitats, traits were more coordinated. These findings suggest that the development of leaf traits in A. mongolicus is a complex process shaped by the interaction of multiple environmental factors. A. mongolicus adapts to different habitats by modulating trait modules, either coordinating traits as a whole or differentiating them into distinct modules to mitigate water stress in arid environments. In summary, A. mongolicus demonstrates distinct functional traits and adaptive strategies under varying environmental conditions, with these traits significantly influenced by environmental factors. This study provides scientific basis for the mechanisms of environmental adaptation in A. mongolicus and serves as a reference for formulating conservation and restoration strategies for this endangered species.
      2025,45(1):80-94    [Abstract](766)    [PDF](217)
    • PANG Jianghao1,2, WANG Yeqing3, TANG Yunlong4, ZHANG Dong1, WU Hao1,2, WEI Xinzeng1,2*, JIANG Mingxi1,2
      Population structure and dynamic characteristics of endangered plant species(Berchemiella wilsonii)and its variety Berchemiella wilsonii var. pubipetiolata
      In order to explore the population structure and dynamic characteristics of rare and endangered species, we conducted field investigations of an endangered plant species(Berchemiella wilsonii)and its variety(B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata)across their entire distribution ranges in China, including Hubei, Anhui, and Zhejiang provinces. We drew the population structure diagrams and designed the static life tables. Subsequently, we fitted and plotted survival curves for survival analysis, calculated population dynamic index and used time series model to predict the population development trends. The results were as follows:(1)The age class structure of B. wilsonii was irregular pyramid mold and that of B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata was a spindle-shaped structure.(2)The survival curves of the two species tended to be the Deevey-Ⅲ type, indicating the high mortality rate at the juvenile stage. For both species, the mortality rate reached the peak at the age class Ⅵ.(3)The survival rate and cumulative mortality rate showed that B. wilsonii entered the declining stage earlier than B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata.(4)The dynamic index suggested that populations of these two species are increasing, but they are sensitive to external disturbance.(5)Time series prediction indicated that the number of individuals at each age class of B. wilsonii will increase with uneven degrees after the next 2, 4, 6 and 8 age classes. However, the number of young-, middle-, and mature-aged individuals of B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata will disappear, decrease and increase in the future, respectively. Therefore, we should adopt different conservation strategies for the two species. For B. wilsonii, appropriate forest thinning should be carried out to improve light conditions, and human disturbance should be reduced to promote the seedling survival. For B. wilsonii var. pubipetiolata, it is necessary to strengthen research on artificial propagation technology and supplement the seedlings timely in the wild to alleviate population decline.
      2025,45(1):95-107    [Abstract](738)    [PDF](245)
    • SHAN Xiaohan, AN Kang, ZHOU Chunxia, ZHANG Xin, PANG Yujuan, LI Lixia, BIAN Fuhua
      Transcriptome analysis and development of EST-SSR molecular markers in Anemone shikokiana under heterogeneous habitats
      In order to explore, the ecological adaptation mechanisms of Anemone shikokiana in two distinct habitats, namely full-light hilltop scrub and shady mixed broadleaved-coniferous forest, and to develop its molecular markers, Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology for leaves of A. shikokiana collected during the flowering stage to obtain functional annotation and differentially expressed genes(DEGs). The results were as follows:(1)A total of 53 536 Unigenes sequences were obtained, of which 27 448 were successfully annotated.(2)A total of 5 635 DEGs were obtained, 1 600 up-regulated and 4 035 down-regulated genes comparing A. shikokiana in full-light hilltop scrub and in shady mixed coniferous forest. A total of 2 460 DEGs were annotated to 2 533 tertiary entries in GO database. In addition, 1 051 DEGs were involved in 113 KEGG pathways.(3)The metabolic pathways adapted to heterogeneous habits in A. shikokiana mainly involved photosytheis-antenna protein pathway and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. In the photosynthesis-antenna protein pathway, the expression of lhca5 was up-regulated, while theexpressions of lhcb1, lhcb2 and lhcb3 were down-regulated. Meanwhile, in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, the expressions of chs, c4h, f3'h, f3h, fls, ans, chi, ccoaomt and hct were all up-regulated.(4)A total of 6 006 Unigenes containing 7 146 SSRs were obtained from the transcriptome data of A.shikokiana. In the identified SSRs, the dominant repeat motifs were single nucleotide repeats in 106 repetitive motif types. Among the 100 pairs of EST-SSR primers, a total of 68 pairs were effective and 11 pairs with polymorphism, and 24 polymorphic fragments were amplified. Overall, in this paper, for the first time EST-SSR molecular markers were developed, which would provide important molecular marker resource for the conservation and utilization of A. shikokiana.
      2025,45(1):108-120    [Abstract](738)    [PDF](205)
    • LIANG Xixian1,2, LIANG Fang3, TAN Zhangqiang2*, HUANG Xingyue1, LIANG Shiyao4
      Effects of fertilization with different nitrogen-to-calcium ratios on growth and physiological traits of endangered plant Excentrodendron tonkinense seedlings
      Excentrodendron tonkinense is a national second-class protected plant and also an endangered(EN)species. To facilitate the cultivation and propagation of E. tonkinense seedlings and mitigate the species' endangered status, this study utilized two-year-old E. tonkinense cutting seedlings as experimental subjects. Employing a two-factor experimental design approach, the study conducted fertilization experiments with different nitrogen-to-calcium ratios. The aim was to investigate the impacts of different nitrogen-to-calcium ratios on the growth and physiological traits of E. tonkinense seedlings species. The results were as follows:(1)There were significant differences(P<0.05)in the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth and physiological characteristics of E. tonkinense seedlings. T5(N2Ca2)treatment exhibited the greatest enhancements in seedling height and ground diameter, suggesting that a fertilization regimen with medium nitrogen and medium calcium levels can promote the growth and development of E. tonkinense seedlings.(2)The intercellular CO2 concentration(Ci), transpiration rate(Tr), net photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs), chlorophyll a(Chla), chlorophyll b(Chlb), total chlorophyll(Chl), and carotenoid(Car)contents of seedlings of E. tonkinense in T5 treatment were all the highest, indicating that the fertilization of calcium in medium nitrogen is beneficial for promoting the transport and accumulation of photosynthetic products in E. tonkinense seedlings and enhancing their photosynthesis.(3)The soluble sugar(SS), soluble protein(SP)contents, and superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity of E. tonkinense seedlings in T5 treatment were the highest, while the free proline(Pro)and malondialdehyde(MDA)contents of E. tonkinense seedlings in T8 treatment were the lowest. Through a comprehensive analysis of growth metrics, physiological indicators and subordination function, it can be inferred that T5(N2Ca2)nitrogen and calcium synergistic treatment(with N and Ca dosages of 16 g·plant-1 and 24 g·plant-1, respectively)shows the best growth performance of E. tonkinense seedlings, making it the optimal fertilization combination for this study. This study provides a scientific foundation for the efficient cultivation and maintenance of E. tonkinense.
      2025,45(1):121-132    [Abstract](748)    [PDF](216)
    • PAN Xinfeng, ZOU Rong*, TANG Jianmin, WEI Xiao, JIANG Haidu, YANG Yishan
      Comparative study on photosynthetic characteristics and leaf microstructure of Vatica guangxiensis seedling and adult tree
      Vatica guangxiensis is a national first-class protected wild plant and the wild plant of extremely small populations. This paper provides a comparative analysis of the photosynthetic physiological characteristics and structural features of V. guangxiensis seedling and adult tree. The Li-6400 portable photosynthesis measurement system analyzer and vacuum electron scanning microscope were utilized to investigate the differences between the photosynthetic capacity and leaf structure of leaves at different stages of growth and development. The results were as follows:(1)The right-angled hyperbolic modified model was the best model to fit the light response of V. guangxiensis.(2)The maximum net photosynthetic rate(Pn max), light saturation point(LSP)and dark respiration rate(Rd)of adult leaves were significantly higher than those of seedling, while the light compensation point(LCP)of adult tree was lower than that of seedling(P<0.05).(3)Chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll(a+b)and carotenoids in seedlings were significantly lower than those in adult tree(P<0.05).(4)The stomatal long axis, stomatal area and stomatal density of adult tree were significantly higher than those of seedling; the leaf area and specific leaf weight(SLW)of adult tree were significantly larger than those of seedling(P<0.05), and the specific leaf area(SLA)was smaller than that of seedling. In summary, V. guangxiensis exhibits photosynthetic characteristics of a shade-loving seedling and a sun-loving adult tree. The seedlings have weak light adaptation ability and light energy utilization, and are unable to photosynthesize sufficiently to meet their growth needs due to excessive shading by adult tree. This is a significant reason why seedlings are unable to grow into large trees. Therefore, for in situ conservation of V. guangxiensis, human interference can be used to artificially create ‘windows' in the tree layer to provide sufficient light sources. This is conducive to the growth of V. guangxiensis seedlings into large trees and the renewal of the population. On the other hand, for the introductory cultivation of V. guangxiensis, the seedlings need to be appropriately shaded and transplanted to a certain degree of shade. During the initial cultivation process, it is important to provide appropriate shading for seedlings and transplant them to an environment with a suitable level of shade.
      2025,45(1):133-146    [Abstract](762)    [PDF](227)
    • WANG Ying1,2, DING Tao2,4*, ZHOU Longwu2, DENG Minmin3, YANG Yuping3, LIU Shinan1*
      Variation characteristics of rhizosphere soil microorganisms of Abies yuanbaoshanensis along altitude gradient in winter
      To explore the effects of altitude on the rhizosphere soil microbial community of Abies yuanbaoshanensis, we utilized Illumina Miseq high-throughput sequencing technology to analyze the composition, diversity and influencing factors of the rhizosphere soil microbial community in winter across different altitude gradients. The results were as follows:(1)Altitude significantly affected the physicochemical properties(P<0.05).(2)Altitude had a significant impact on the composition and diversity of the rhizosphere soil microbial community(P<0.05), with bacterial diversity initially increasing before decreasing, while fungal diversity exhibited a significant decrease.(3)The structure and diversity of the rhizosphere soil microbial community were closely associated with environmental factors; soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen, soil total potassium, C:N, C:P, and N:P were identified as important drivers influencing the microbial community structure along the altitude gradient(P<0.05), and total phosphorus, C:P and N:P were found to be significant drivers affecting microbial diversity along the altitude gradient(P<0.05). This study provides a scientific reference for the conservation of Abies yuanbaoshanensis, an endangered plant, and offers the data support for improving the fungal and bacterial distribution patterns in the mountain forest ecosystem.
      2025,45(1):147-160    [Abstract](738)    [PDF](220)
    • GUI Xinli1, YE Chumin1, CHEN Yukai1*, ZHANG Kai1, WU Tingtian2
      Population structure and dynamic characteristics of endangered plant Alseodaphnopsis hainanensis
      Alseodaphnopsis hainanensis is a national second-class key protected plant in China. In order to explore the survival status of its populations in Hainan Province, a field quadrat survey was conducted. Based on the sample site survey data, population dynamics and future development trend were predicted by replacing the age class with the diameter class, compiling the static life table of the population, analyzing the quantitative characteristics of the population, using the population dynamic index and the time series model. The results were as follows:(1)The age-class structure of A. hainanensis populations exhibited an inverted J-shape in primary and secondary forests, and the studied trees covered all age classes; compared to primary forests, secondary forests had more seedlings.(2)The dynamic indices of A. hainanensis populations in primary and secondary forests fluctuated between neighboring age classes, and the values of Vpi and V'pi were greater than 0, which indicated that the populations were the growth type, but it were more sensitive to external disturbances, and had poorer anti-disturbance ability; the anti-interference probability of secondary forest was relatively small, which showed that secondary forest population was more resistant to disturbances than primary forest.(3)The static life table showed that number of surviving A. hainanensis populations and individual life expectancies decreased gradually with increasing age classes in both primary and secondary forests; the population survival curve tended to be Deevey-Ⅱ type.(4)The time series prediction showed after experiencing the time of next 2-3 age classes, there was a decline in number of individuals in the age class Ⅲ of primary forest; while after experiencing the time of next 2 age classes, there was a decline in number of individuals in the age class Ⅲ of secondary forest; number of individuals at all age classes in both primary and secondary forests showed a steady increase after the the time of next 5 age classes. In summary, populations of A. hainanensis are growth-oriented, and the populations are in a fluctuating state and sensitive to external disturbances; young individuals of the population can replenish the losses caused by the death of individuals of all age classes and maintain population stability. Measures should be taken to promote the natural regeneration of A. hainanensis populations, such as strengthening in-situ conservation, strengthening research on seedling renewal and breeding, carrying out research on genetic diversity, and meanwhile, conducting moderate anthropogenic measures to increase the conversion rate of seedlings to saplings, and to promote population growth of A. hainanensis.
      2025,45(1):161-171    [Abstract](746)    [PDF](217)
    • MENG Jing1, YE Xing1, LIN Pengcheng1, DU Heyan1, HU Xingqiang1, CAO Xueye1, WANG Huan2, SHI Shengbo2, SHEN Jianwei2, ZHOU Dangwei1,2*
      Differential content and analysis of methyl jasmonate induced root exudates in Przewalskia tangutica
      Przewalskia tangutica is an endangered alpine plant, found in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, contains tropane alkaloids as its main active ingredients. The roots, seeds and whole herb of P. tangutica are used in medicine and have significant medicinal value. The study was conducted to analyze the changes in the root exudates of P. tangutica induced by methyl jasmonate. The plants were treated with 0, 150 μmol·L-1 methyl jasmonate for 3 d and 7 d, and the root exudates were analyzed using the non-targeted metabolomics technique of LC-MS/MS. The results were as follows:(1)There was a significant difference in the content of root exudates from P. tangutica after 3 d and 7 d treatments with 0, 150 μmol·L-1 methyl jasmonate.(2)The amount of root exudate increased significantly with the 150 μmol·L-1 methyl jasmonate treatment compared to the control.(3)The KEGG pathways mainly involved in the root exudates of P. tangutica were α-linolenic acid metabolism pathway, plant hormone signal transduction pathway and lysine biosynthesis pathway. In summary, it was concluded that the induction of methyl jasmonate affected the metabolism and changed the content and quantity of induced exudates in the root system of P. tangutica. Through non-targeted metabolomics analysis, the study preliminarily reveals the key metabolites involved in the root exudate response to methyl jasmonate of P. tangutica, which provides a theoretical reference for further understanding of the changes in root exudate and metabolism mechanism of this alpine plant under methyl jasmonate. In addition, the results also offer a new way of thinking on the continuation of the resources.
      2025,45(1):172-184    [Abstract](742)    [PDF](222)
    • TANG Feng1,2, LI Yuanyuan2 , YANG Naikun3*, ZHOU Quan4, LIU Haiyan2, ZOU Tiancai5
      Population spatial patterns and association of rare and endangered plant Camellia kweichowensis
      Camellia kweichowensis in taxonomy is already confirmed to be the same as Camellia reticulata, it is a key protected wild plants distributed naturally in Guizhou Province, the species is rare and endangered. In order to explore the spatial distribution pattern and correlation characteristics of the population, in this study, based on the investigation of C. kweichowensis, the distribution characteristics and correlation at each growth stage were analysized with the pairwise correlation function g(r). The results were as follows:(1)The distribution of plants at all stages of C. kweichowensis population was clustered at small spatial scales, but with the research scale increased, the degree of aggregation between individuals gradually decreased, showing a changing trend from aggregated distribution to randomly distribution, with significant basic characteristics of a small-scale clustered and large-scale randomness.(2)At small scale, the plants protected each other to improve the survival rate of population, and the plants at adjacent ages showed a positive correlation; with the increase of the scale, the correlation gradually weakened and turned to be a negative correlation, at the medium-large scale, the middle-aged and adult plants inhibited the underforest renewal to guarantee the population growth advantage. The primitive development of species, high competition pressure of habitat resources, strong self-thinning and habitat interference were the major reasons why C. kweichowensis population was difficult to spread out and showed a very narrow distribution characteristics naturally, all together made the species rarely and endangered. Therefore, the research suggests that the key factors to ensure C. kweichowensis population stably growth and health development are to improve the situ growth conditions, adjust the sparse forest structure appropriately, and migrate the species for ex-situ conservation and artificially bring up seedlings and re-cultivation. The research provides germplasm and scientific bases for efficiently protection of C. kweichowensis and innovative utilization of its plant resources. It is of great significance to strengthen the conservation and utilization of biodiversity and study the development and succession mechanism of plant populations.
      2025,45(1):185-196    [Abstract](780)    [PDF](223)
    • GUI Huiying, FANG Fazhi*, LI Zhaojia, ZHANG Xiaofeng, MAI Youzhuan
      Population structure and dynamic characteristics of endangered plant Firmiana pulcherrima in Diaoluo Mountain of Hainan Province
      Firmiana pulcherrima is not only an endemic species in China but also a national second-calss key protected wild plant. It is naturally distributed in the tropical rainforest area of central Hainan. To explore the survival status, development trend and the main reasons for its endangerment of the population, this paper conducted a field investigation on the natural population of F. pulcherrima in Diaoluo Mountain. The age-class structure of the population was constructed by replacing time with space. The population structure characteristics and dynamic change rules were analyzed through methods such as static life table and dynamic quantitative analysis, and the future development potential of the population was predicted by time series model. The results were as follows:(1)The population of F. pulcherrima was a growing type. The number dynamic index of entire population structure when ignoring external interference(Vpi)was greater than the number dynamic index of entire population structure when considering external interference(V'pi), and both were greater than 0. The maximum risk probability of population to completely random disturbance(Pmax)was 1.82%. The population had a complete age structure, weak anti-interference ability, poor growth and stability.(2)The life expectancy of the population reached the maximum at age class Ⅱ, and then decreased with the increase of age class. Mortality rate and vanish rate peaked at age classes I, Ⅶ and Ⅸ. The survival curve was Deevey-Ⅲ type.(3)Survival analysis showed that the population decreased sharply in the early stage and tended to be stable in the middle and late stages.(4)After the time of 3, 6 and 9 age classes in the future, number of individuals in the remaining age classes increased except for age classes Ⅳ and Ⅷ, and the population had strong natural regeneration ability. Consequently, strong light environment screening and interspecific competition are the main reasons for the endangerment of F. pulcherrima. It is suggested to take measures such as moderately thinning and pruning, strengthening population and habitat protection, actively carrying out artificial breeding and returning population expansion to promote the growth and recovery of the population.
      2025,45(1):197-206    [Abstract](750)    [PDF](218)

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